Pigment Synthesis and Analysis of Color in Art: An Example of Applied Science for High School and College Chemistry Students,Journal of Chemical Education

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Pigment Synthesis and Analysis of Color in Art: An Example of Applied Science for High School and College Chemistry Students
Journal of Chemical Education ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b01093
Christopher R. Vyhnal ₁ , Elizabeth H. R. Mahoney ₂ , Yuan Lin ₃ , Roxanne Radpour ₄ , Henry Wadsworth ₅

Affiliation

We present herein a module of pigment synthesis experiments that could be adapted and implemented in a variety of curricular settings. At the conclusion of each of the past two spring terms at our high school, we offered a 4 day short course on the chemical synthesis of pigments used in art. As part of the course, our students synthesized four pigments in the chemistry laboratory: Egyptian blue, madder lake (red), cobalt green, and cobalt yellow. These particular pigments were selected for several reasons: (1) they are historically significant in art and archeology (their usage spans from antiquity into the 20th century), (2) they provide for a variety in the chemical reaction types explored and the chemical synthesis methods utilized, (3) they are relatively safe for students to handle, and (4) they afford a diverse color palette upon mixing. Our students then combined their pigments with gum arabic as a binder to make gouache watercolor paints and create a painting. In the second iteration of the short course, students also collected gravimetric data during their pigment synthesis reactions and were introduced to photoluminescence imaging of paints made from Egyptian blue and madder lake pigments synthesized the prior year. We also explored the quantitative colorimetry of the paints via fiber-optic reflectance spectroscopy. On the basis of positive student feedback from our short course and on our research into similar curricular offerings at the college and university level, we are actively working to expand and broaden the material into a new, year-long, interdisciplinary elective course for our upper-level high school students that describes the application of chemistry and materials science principles to enhance our understanding and appreciation of art and archeology.

中文翻译：

颜料的合成与艺术中的色彩分析：以高中和化学专业学生的应用科学为例

我们在这里介绍了可以在各种课程设置中进行调整和实现的颜料合成实验模块。在我们高中过去的两个春季学期结束时，我们提供了为期4天的短期课程，内容涉及艺术中使用的颜料的化学合成。作为课程的一部分，我们的学生在化学实验室中合成了四种颜料：埃及蓝，马德湖（红色），钴绿和钴黄。选择这些特殊的颜料有以下几个原因：（1）它们在艺术和考古学上具有重要的历史意义（从古代到20世纪，它们的使用范围很广）；（2）它们为探索的化学反应类型和化学合成提供了多种选择所使用的方法，（3）对学生来说，它们是相对安全的，（4）混合后它们提供了多种调色板。然后，我们的学生将其颜料与阿拉伯胶作为粘合剂结合起来，制成水粉水彩颜料并创作一幅画。在短期课程的第二次迭代中，学生还在颜料合成反应过程中收集了重量数据，并被介绍了由上一年合成的埃及蓝色和马德湖颜料制成的涂料的光致发光成像。我们还探索了油漆的定量比色法通过光纤反射光谱。在我们短期课程获得学生积极反馈的基础上，以及在大学和大学级别对类似课程的研究中，我们正在积极努力，将有关材料扩展和扩展为新的，为期一年的跨学科选修课程描述化学和材料科学原理应用的高中生，以增强我们对艺术和考古学的理解和欣赏。

更新日期：2020-03-27

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