Visual objects are typically perceived as parts of an entire visual scene, and the scene’s context provides information crucial in the object recognition process. Fundamental insights into the mechanisms of context-object integration have come from research on semantically incongruent objects, which are defined as objects with a very low probability of occurring in a given context. However, the role of attention in processing of the context-object mismatch remains unclear, with some studies providing evidence in favor, but other against an automatic capture of attention by incongruent objects. Therefore, in the present study, 25 subjects completed a dot-probe task, in which pairs of scenes—congruent and incongruent or neutral and threatening—were presented as task-irrelevant distractors. Importantly, threatening scenes are known to robustly capture attention and thus were included in the present study to provide a context for interpretation of results regarding incongruent scenes. Using N2 posterior-contralateral ERP component as a primary measure, we revealed that threatening images indeed capture attention automatically and rapidly, but semantically incongruent scenes do not benefit from an automatic attentional selection. Thus, our results suggest that identification of the context-object mismatch is not preattentive.

中文翻译：

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通过威胁自动捕获注意力，但不是通过语义不一致的自然场景图像。

视觉对象通常被视为整个视觉场景的一部分，场景的上下文提供了在对象识别过程中至关重要的信息。对上下文对象集成机制的基本见解来自对语义不一致对象的研究，这些对象被定义为在给定上下文中出现概率非常低的对象。然而，注意力在处理上下文对象不匹配中的作用仍不清楚，一些研究提供了支持的证据，但其他研究则反对不一致的对象自动捕获注意力。因此，在本研究中，25 名受试者完成了一项点探针任务，其中成对的场景——一致和不一致或中性和威胁——被呈现为与任务无关的干扰因素。重要的，众所周知，威胁性场景能够强烈地吸引注意力，因此被包含在本研究中，为解释不一致场景的结果提供背景。使用 N2 后对侧 ERP 组件作为主要措施，我们发现威胁图像确实自动且快速地捕获注意力，但语义不一致的场景不会从自动注意力选择中受益。因此，我们的结果表明，上下文对象不匹配的识别不是预先注意的。但是语义不一致的场景不会从自动注意选择中受益。因此，我们的结果表明，上下文对象不匹配的识别不是预先注意的。但是语义不一致的场景不会从自动注意选择中受益。因此，我们的结果表明，上下文对象不匹配的识别不是预先注意的。