Vector beams contain complex polarization structures and they are inherently non-separable in the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom. The spatially variant polarizations of vector beams have enabled many important applications in a variety of fields ranging from classical to quantum physics. In this study, we designed and realized a setup based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer for achieving the vector beams at arbitrary points of higher-order Poincaré sphere, through manipulating two eigenstates in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system with the combined spiral phase plate. We demonstrated the generation of different kinds of higher-order Poincaré beams, including the beams at points on a latitude or longitude of higher-order Poincaré sphere, Bell states for |l| = 1 and |l| = 2, radially polarized beams of very high order with l = 16, etc. Vector beams of high quality and good accuracy are experimentally achieved, and the flexibility, feasibility and high efficiency of the setup are demonstrated by the practical performance.

中文翻译：

---

通过操纵偏振光学涡旋的两个本征态灵活高效地生成高阶庞加莱光束

矢量光束包含复杂的偏振结构，它们固有地在偏振和空间自由度上是不可分离的。矢量束的空间变化极化已经实现了从经典物理学到量子物理学的各种领域的许多重要应用。在这项研究中，我们设计并实现了一种基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的装置，该装置通过利用组合的螺旋相位板操纵Mach-Zehnder干涉仪系统中的两个本征态来实现高阶庞加莱球体任意点的矢量光束。我们演示了生成不同种类的高阶庞加莱光束的方法，包括在高阶庞加莱球面的经度或纬度上的点处的光束，贝尔的状态为|。l | = 1和| 升| = 2时，l = 16时非常高的径向偏振光束，等等。通过实验获得了高质量和高精度的矢量光束，并且通过实际性能证明了该装置的灵活性，可行性和高效率。