Ultrasound of acquired posterior fossa abnormalities in the newborn,Pediatric Research

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Ultrasound of acquired posterior fossa abnormalities in the newborn
Pediatric Research ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0778-9
Monica Fumagalli _{1,

2} , Alessandro Parodi ₃ , Luca Ramenghi ₃ , Catherine Limperopoulos ₄ , Sylke Steggerda ₅ ,

Affiliation

Neonatal brain sonography is part of routine clinical practice in neonatal intensive care units, but ultrasound imaging of the posterior fossa has gained increasing attention since the burden of perinatal acquired posterior fossa abnormalities and their impact on motor and cognitive neurodevelopmental outcome have been recognized. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often superior, posterior fossa abnormalities can be suspected or detected by optimized cranial ultrasound (CUS) scans, which allow an early and bed-side diagnosis and monitoring through sequential scans over a long period of time. Different ultrasound appearances and injury patterns of posterior fossa abnormalities are described according to gestational age at birth and characteristics of the pathogenetic insult. The aim of this review article is to describe options to improve posterior fossa sequential CUS image quality, including the use of supplemental acoustic windows, to show standard views and normal ultrasound anatomy of the posterior fossa, and to describe the ultrasound characteristics of acquired posterior fossa lesions in preterm and term infants with effect on long-term outcome. The limitations and pitfalls of CUS and the role of MRI are discussed.

中文翻译：

新生儿获得性后颅窝畸形的超声检查

新生儿脑部超声检查是新生儿重症监护病房常规临床实践的一部分，但由于围产期获得性后颅窝异常的负担及其对运动和认知神经发育结果的影响已被认识到，后颅窝的超声成像越来越受到关注。尽管磁共振成像 (MRI) 通常更优越，但可以通过优化的颅脑超声 (CUS) 扫描来怀疑或检测后颅窝异常，这允许通过长时间连续扫描进行早期和床边诊断和监测。根据出生时的胎龄和致病性损伤的特征描述了后颅窝异常的不同超声表现和损伤模式。这篇综述文章的目的是描述提高后颅窝连续 CUS 图像质量的选项，包括使用补充声窗，显示后颅窝的标准视图和正常超声解剖，并描述后颅窝的超声特征影响长期结果的早产儿和足月儿的病变。讨论了 CUS 的局限性和陷阱以及 MRI 的作用。

更新日期：2020-03-01

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