Intentional islanding can be considered as the last action to prevent power grids from severe blackouts. In this strategy, the endangered network is deliberately decomposed into self-sustained islands to improve the power grid resilience, reliability, and security. In this way, this paper develops a novel optimal intentional islanding solution to deal with deliberate physical attacks on the power system. The proposed solution employs a modified multi-layer constrained clustering method based on multi-layer graphs via subspace analysis on Grassmann manifolds clustering. The main objectives are to minimize the active and reactive powers disruptions crossways for decomposed islands, as well as grouping the generators with high-frequency change similarity so that stable operation of each self-supplied grid is ensured. This technique guarantees that each island is only comprised of generators that are synchronized with each other. The proposed multi-layer technique increases the stability of the island by implementing different criteria such as frequency, active power, and reactive power. To better display the improvement, the method is compared with the single layer constrained clustering that can only handle one criterion at a time. The proposed intentional islanding technique is applied to IEEE-9 bus, IEEE-39 bus, and IEEE-118 bus as small, medium, and large-scale networks, respectively.

中文翻译：

---

一种用于电网有意孤岛的新型两阶段多层约束谱聚类策略

故意孤岛可以被认为是防止电网严重停电的最后行动。该策略有意将濒危网络分解为自给自足的孤岛，以提高电网的弹性、可靠性和安全性。通过这种方式，本文开发了一种新颖的最优故意孤岛解决方案来处理对电力系统的蓄意物理攻击。所提出的解决方案通过对 Grassmann 流形聚类的子空间分析，采用基于多层图的改进的多层约束聚类方法。主要目标是最大限度地减少分解岛的有功和无功功率中断交叉，以及将具有高频变化相似性的发电机分组，以确保每个自供电电网的稳定运行。这种技术保证每个岛只由相互同步的发电机组成。所提出的多层技术通过实施不同的标准（例如频率、有功功率和无功功率）来提高孤岛的稳定性。为了更好地展示改进，将该方法与一次只能处理一个标准的单层约束聚类进行了比较。提出的有意孤岛技术分别应用于作为小型、中型和大型网络的 IEEE-9 总线、IEEE-39 总线和 IEEE-118 总线。该方法与一次只能处理一个标准的单层约束聚类进行了比较。提出的有意孤岛技术分别应用于作为小型、中型和大型网络的 IEEE-9 总线、IEEE-39 总线和 IEEE-118 总线。该方法与一次只能处理一个标准的单层约束聚类进行了比较。提出的有意孤岛技术分别应用于作为小型、中型和大型网络的 IEEE-9 总线、IEEE-39 总线和 IEEE-118 总线。