This paper proposes three different black-box models for a 10-kVA 7.967 kV–120/240 V distribution transformer that is suitable to narrowband power line communication studies. One is valid in the 3–500 kHz range, while the remaining two are simpler models valid for the CENELEC band (3–148.5 kHz). The models are represented as equivalent circuits derived from the rational approximation of the transformer admittance matrix using either phase- or modal-domain theory. All parameters needed for their implementation in electrical circuit solvers are given. Validation is performed not only in frequency domain, but also in time domain, with the application of voltage signals that excite the 3–500 kHz and 3–148.5 kHz frequency bands uniformly. The models are shown to accurately predict the attenuation and distortion of signals transferred through the transformer for a wide range of load conditions for both downstream and upstream signal transmission. Signal attenuation is shown to be load dependent, frequency dependent, and sensitive to the considered transmission path (downstream or upstream).

中文翻译：

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窄带电力线通信的单相配电变压器建模

本文为适用于窄带电力线通信研究的 10-kVA 7.967 kV–120/240 V 配电变压器提出了三种不同的黑盒模型。一个在 3–500 kHz 范围内有效，而其余两个是适用于 CENELEC 频段 (3–148.5 kHz) 的更简单的模型。这些模型表示为等效电路，这些电路使用相域或模态域理论从变压器导纳矩阵的有理近似中导出。给出了在电路求解器中实现它们所需的所有参数。验证不仅在频域中进行，而且在时域中进行，应用电压信号均匀激发 3-500 kHz 和 3-148.5 kHz 频带。这些模型可以准确预测通过变压器传输的信号在下游和上游信号传输的各种负载条件下的衰减和失真。信号衰减显示为取决于负载、频率，并且对所考虑的传输路径（下游或上游）敏感。