This paper introduces a new algorithm for the early detection of abnormal arcing conditions of circuit breakers (CBs). Any interruption with a higher arcing time compared to maximum permissible arcing time of CB is defined as a CB failure to clear mode. Measuring CB arcing time is not easy because there is no control on the mechanical opening and closing instants of CB contacts. Nevertheless, there is a correlation between the spectral energy densities of CB arcing voltages and arcing times of CB. This correlation is used by calculating the spectral energy densities of the instantaneous system voltage and the instantaneous CB voltage across its terminals utilizing discrete Fourier transform for two periods of the system frequency. The difference between the spectral energy densities at the fundamental frequency is defined as a criterion for identifying a failure to clear mode. Whenever this criterion exceeds a predefined trip level, it indicates the occurrence of a failure to clear mode. In this situation, a trip signal is initiated for adjacent CBs to isolate the faulted CB and the fault. The results obtained from computer simulations and measurements show that the algorithm discriminates between normal and abnormal arcing conditions of CB.

中文翻译：

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一种利用电压信号基频分量检测断路器脱模故障的新算法

本文介绍了一种用于早期检测断路器 (CB) 异常电弧状况的新算法。与 CB 的最大允许电弧时间相比，任何具有更高电弧时间的中断都被定义为 CB 无法清除模式。测量 CB 电弧时间并不容易，因为无法控制 CB 触点的机械断开和闭合瞬间。然而，CB 电弧电压的光谱能量密度与 CB 的电弧时间之间存在相关性。通过利用离散傅立叶变换对系统频率的两个周期计算瞬时系统电压和其端子上的瞬时CB电压的频谱能量密度来使用该相关性。基频处的光谱能量密度之间的差异被定义为识别无法清除模式的标准。每当此标准超过预定义的跳闸级别时，就表明发生了无法清除模式的情况。在这种情况下，会为相邻 CB 启动跳闸信号，以隔离故障 CB 和故障。从计算机模拟和测量中获得的结果表明，该算法可以区分 CB 的正常和异常电弧条件。