This paper presents a new phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement methodology to provide the required data for wide-area backup protection scheme. The presented placement method is primarily a binary linear optimization problem whose constraints are defined to detect faults on transmission lines based on the difference between voltage values of a bus obtained from two different paths, while the full observability of the system is also guaranteed. To consider the limitation on the number of PMU channels, a new bi-level approach is also proposed in this paper, in which the upper level is aimed to find the best solution among different submatrices, while the lower level finds the best PMU placement solution for each submatrix. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is to propose a methodology to optimally locate minimum number of PMUs in a power system in a way that while full observability of the system and its wide-area backup protection are assured, the types of each PMU—in terms of its number of channels as well as the lines whose currents should be measured by the PMU to satisfy the constraints—are determined. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated on standard test power systems.

中文翻译：

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具有通道限制的 PMU 布置，用于传输系统中的故障线路检测

本文提出了一种新的相量测量单元 (PMU) 放置方法，可为广域备份保护方案提供所需的数据。所提出的布局方法主要是一个二元线性优化问题，其约束被定义为基于从两条不同路径获得的总线电压值之间的差异来检测传输线上的故障，同时也保证了系统的完全可观察性。考虑到PMU通道数量的限制，本文还提出了一种新的双层方法，其中上层旨在寻找不同子矩阵之间的最佳解决方案，而下层旨在寻找最佳PMU放置解决方案对于每个子矩阵。所以，本文的贡献是提出了一种方法来优化定位电力系统中最少数量的 PMU，同时确保系统的完全可观察性及其广域后备保护，每个 PMU 的类型——就其通道数以及其电流应由 PMU 测量以满足约束的线路数已确定。所提出的方法的性能在标准测试电源系统上进行评估。