The possibility of determining the structural and biophysical parameters of skin from the spectra of scattered light is assessed. Schemes for measurement of the coefficient of diffuse reflection, the coefficient of brightness back-scattered by biological tissue, and the spatial illumination at some distance from the source are examined. Algorithms are proposed for establishing the volume concentrations of melanine and blood vessels, the thickness of the epidermis, the degree of oxygenation of the blood, and the average diameter of the capillaries. It is shown that the first two schemes give approximately identical characteristics for solution of the inverse problem, although the polarization measurements are somewhat less susceptible to experimental error. Analysis of such similarity has demonstrated that it is due to features of the optical characteristics of the skin layers. The preferred method is the third experimental scheme, which is not subject of error and has substantially higher sensitivity to the degree of oxygenation of the blood and the average diameter of the capillaries and makes it possible to establish all the desired parameters of the skin with acceptable accuracy for practical purposes.

中文翻译：

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散射光对人体皮肤参数进行无创诊断的一些方法的比较

从散射光的光谱中确定皮肤的结构和生物物理参数的可能性被评估。考察了用于测量漫反射系数，生物组织向后散射的亮度系数以及距光源一定距离的空间照明的方案。提出了用于建立黑色素和血管的体积浓度，表皮厚度，血液氧合程度以及毛细血管平均直径的算法。结果表明，尽管偏振测量在某种程度上不易受到实验误差的影响，但前两种方案为反问题的求解提供了大致相同的特性。对这种相似性的分析表明，这是由于皮肤层的光学特性的特征所致。优选的方法是第三种实验方案，该方案没有错误，并且对血液的氧合度和毛细血管的平均直径具有显着更高的敏感性，并且可以建立可接受的皮肤所有期望参数。出于实际目的的准确性。