The relationship between reproductive diapause and the genes related to vitellogenin (Vg) and its receptor (VgR) in insectoid ovarian development is still unclear. Accordingly, in the present study, we used hematoxylin and eosin staining to study the ovarian structure in the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri, a species that shows promise as a biological pest control agent. Staining revealed the presence of oocytes on ovary surfaces, and the oocytes were deposited as yolk granules through the intake of Vg and other nutrients with the development of the ovary. Development of the ovary stopped at the oocyte stage in diapausing adult mites, and this stage presented the same characteristics as the first day of adulthood in non-diapause female adults, where oocytes with nutrient cells, but no yolk granules are observed. In order to further explore the effects of the Vg gene and its receptor on reproduction, the sequences of the N. barkeri vitellogenin genes NbVg1, NbVg2, NbVg3, and NbVgR were analyzed using bioinformatics, and the expression levels of the NbVgs and the VgR at different developmental stages were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that the NbVgs and NbVgR have complete domains and that the positions of many conservative regions and conservative motif are consistent. The expression levels of the NbVgs and NbVgR were highest in the ovipositional period, followed by those in the preovipositional period. The expression levels of the NbVgs and the VgR in non-diapause female adult mites were significantly higher than those in reproductive diapause female adult mites.

中文翻译：

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生殖滞育过程中巴氏新孢子虫卵黄蛋白原基因和卵黄蛋白原受体的分子表征。

尚不能确定生殖滞育与卵黄蛋白生成素（Vg）及其受体（VgR）相关的基因在卵巢类昆虫发育中的关系。因此，在本研究中，我们使用苏木精和曙红染色来研究捕食性螨巴氏新孢子虫的卵巢结构，显示出有望作为生物害虫防治剂的物种。染色显示卵巢表面存在卵母细胞，并且随着卵巢的发育，卵母细胞通过摄入Vg和其他营养物质而以卵黄颗粒的形式沉积。在滞育成年螨中，卵子的发育停止在卵母细胞阶段，该阶段的特征与成年后第一天的无滞尾雌成虫相同，卵母细胞中有营养细胞，但没有卵黄颗粒。为了进一步探讨Vg基因及其受体对繁殖的影响，N。barkeri的序列使用生物信息学技术分析卵黄蛋白原基因NbVg1，NbVg2，NbVg3和NbVgR，并通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）确定NbVgs和VgR在不同发育阶段的表达水平。结果表明NbVgs和NbVgR具有完整的域，并且许多保守区和保守基序的位置是一致的。NbVgs和NbVgR的表达水平在排卵期最高，其次在排卵前期。NbVgs和VgR在非滞育成年成年螨中的表达水平显着高于生殖滞育成年成年螨中的表达。