Purpose

The implication of adolescence diet quality and of certain specific foods’ intake on HRQoL remain underexplored, and little importance has been given to biological changes (e.g. growth, maturation, dimorphism, body composition), that remarkably increase the variability of diet and physical activity behaviours. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between diet quality and food intake with HRQoL in adolescents, considering maturity, body composition, and physical activity level.

Methods

In total 669 Portuguese adolescents aged 10–17 years, attending three secondary schools, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Diet quality was assessed by Diet Quality International-Index (DQI-I), physical activity level was self-reported, and the HRQoL was assessed by the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire. The KIDSCREEN-52 includes ten dimensions (physical well-being, psychological well-being, moods and emotions, self-perception, autonomy, parent relations and home life, social support and peers, school environment, social acceptance and bullying and financial resources) and it allowed to compute a general index of the HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10 index) through a selection of 10 items out of the KIDSCREEN-52 list. Fat mass was obtained by skinfold thickness. Maturity was objectively measured. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results

Boys scored higher in HRQoL and in physical well-being, self-perception, autonomy, parent relations and home life than girls. Intakes of unhealthy foods were negatively correlated with physical well-being, self-perception, and social acceptance and bullying, while healthy foods were positively correlated with psychological well-being, moods and emotions, self-perception, and school environment. The DQI-I showed to be positively correlated with physical well-being. Participants who reported to have a higher DQI-I (≥ 60) perceived better their school environment and social acceptance and bullying. However, those results were not determined by diet quality but rather by bone age and physical activity level.

Conclusion

Our results showed that boys reported higher HRQoL and higher scores in the majority of HRQoL dimensions, compared to girls. The intake of unhealthy foods was negatively correlated with some HRQoL dimensions, whilst healthy foods showed positive correlations with some HRQoL dimensions. Biological maturity and physical activity level revealed to be important confounders in the study of diet quality and perception of school environment and social acceptance and bullying in adolescents.

中文翻译：

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根据饮食质量和食物摄入量，葡萄牙儿童和青少年的健康相关生活质量。

目的

青春期饮食质量和某些特定食物的摄入量对HRQoL的影响仍未得到充分研究，对生物学变化（例如生长，成熟，二态性，身体组成）的重视也很少，这显着增加了饮食的变异性和体育锻炼行为。这项研究的目的是分析青少年饮食质量和食物摄入量与HRQoL之间的关系，并考虑其成熟度，身体成分和体育锻炼水平。

方法

共有669名10至17岁的葡萄牙青少年在3所中学就读，参加了这项横断面研究。饮食质量通过国际饮食质量指数（DQI-I）进行评估，身体活动水平进行自我报告，HRQoL则通过KIDSCREEN-52问卷进行评估。KIDSCREEN-52包含十个维度（身体健康，心理健康，情绪和情感，自我感知，自主权，父母关系和家庭生活，社会支持和同伴，学校环境，社会接受度以及欺凌和财务资源）并且允许通过从KIDSCREEN-52列表中选择10个项目来计算HRQoL的一般索引（KIDSCREEN-10索引）。通过皮褶厚度获得脂肪量。客观地测量了成熟度。重要性级别设置为α  = 0.05。

结果

男孩在HRQoL，身体健康，自我感知，自主权，父母关系和家庭生活方面的得分均高于女孩。不健康食品的摄入量与身体健康，自我知觉，社会接纳和欺负负相关，而健康食品与心理健康，情绪和情感，自我知觉和学校环境正相关。DQI-I与身体健康呈正相关。报告的DQI-I较高（≥60）的参与者对他们的学校环境以及社会接受度和欺凌度感觉更好。但是，这些结果不是由饮食质量决定的，而是由骨龄和身体活动水平决定的。

结论

我们的结果表明，与女孩相比，男孩报告的HRQoL更高，并且在大多数HRQoL维度上得分更高。不健康食品的摄入量与某些HRQoL尺寸呈负相关，而健康食品则与某些HRQoL尺寸呈正相关。在研究饮食质量，对学校环境的感知以及青少年的社会接受度和欺凌行为方面，生物成熟度和体育活动水平被认为是重要的混杂因素。