Abstract

Emerging economies are mostly plague by a massive consumption of non-renewable energy amidst an ever inceasing urbanization rate with little or no attention to the quality of the environmental. As such, this paper investigates the relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, economic growth, trade openness, and ecological footprint in CIVETS countries, namely, Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa. The study employs augmented mean group estimator, panel cointegration, and causality tests. The findings reveal that renewable energy improves environmental quality, and trade is not particularly harmful to the environment. However, non-renewable energy consumption and urbanization are the chief contributors to environmental degradation in the CIVETS countries. Economic expansion mitigates environmental deterioration in Colombia, South Africa, and Turkey, but contributes to pollution in Egypt, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Finally, the causality test suggests that urbanization drives environmental degradation. Policy directions are discussed.

中文翻译：

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CIVETS中的可再生能源，城市化和生态足迹联系。

摘要

在城市化率不断提高，对环境质量的关注很少或根本没有关注的情况下，新兴经济体大多受到大量不可再生能源的困扰。因此，本文调查了哥伦比亚，印度尼西亚，越南，埃及，土耳其和南非等CIVETS国家中可再生能源，城市化，经济增长，贸易开放度和生态足迹之间的关系。该研究采用增强的均值组估计器，面板协整和因果关系检验。研究结果表明，可再生能源改善了环境质量，贸易对环境并不是特别有害。但是，不可再生能源的消耗和城市化是CIVETS国家环境恶化的主要因素。经济扩张减轻了哥伦比亚，南非和土耳其的环境恶化，但加剧了埃及，印度尼西亚和越南的污染。最后，因果关系检验表明，城市化推动了环境恶化。讨论了政策方向。