We used odds ratios and a hurdle model to analyze parasite co-infections over 25 years on >20,000 young-of-the year of endangered Shortnose and Lost River Suckers. Host ecologies differed as did parasite infections. Shortnose Suckers were more likely to be caught inshore and 3-5 times more likely to have Bolbophorus spp. and Contracaecum sp. infections, and Lost River Suckers were more likely to be caught offshore and approximately three times more likely to have Lernaea cyprinacea infections. An observed peak shift seems likely to be due to a lower host size limit for Bolbophorus spp. (13.6 mm) compared with L. cyprinacea (23.4 mm). The large data set allowed us to generate strong hypotheses: (i) that a major marsh restoration project had unintended consequences that resulted in an increase in infections; (ii) that co-infection with Bolbophorus spp. increased the odds of infection by L. cyprinacea and Contracaecum sp.; (iii) that significant declines in the odds of infection over approximately 25 days were due to parasite-induced host mortality; (iv) that the fish's small size relative to L. cyprinacea and Contracaecum sp. might be directly lethal; (v) that the absence of L. cyprinacea infections in the early 1990s was associated with good year-class production of the suckers; and (vi) that parasites might increase the odds of vagrancy from the nursery ground.

中文翻译：

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几率和障碍模型：来自美国俄勒冈州上克拉马斯湖的濒危年轻吸盘的寄生虫感染模式的长期分析。

我们使用比值比和障碍模型来分析25岁以上年中濒临灭绝的Shortnose和Lost River Suckers的20,000多岁年轻人中的寄生虫共感染。宿主生态学与寄生虫感染也有所不同。短鼻吸盘更有可能被捕到岸上，而感染Bolbophorus spp的可能性则高出3-5倍。和Contracaecum sp。感染，迷失的河吸盘更有可能在海上被捕获，而鲤鱼蓝藻感染的可能性大约是三倍。观察到的峰位移似乎可能是由于Bolbophorus spp的寄主大小限制较低。（13.6毫米），而鲤鱼（23.4毫米）。庞大的数据集使我们能够提出强有力的假设：（i）大型沼泽恢复项目具有意想不到的后果，导致感染增加；（ii）与Bolbophorus spp共同感染。增加了L. cyprinacea和Contracaecum sp。感染的几率；（iii）大约25天之内感染几率显着下降是由于寄生虫引起的宿主死亡；（iv）相对于鲤鱼和Contracaecum sp，鱼的体型较小。可能直接致命；（v）1990年代初不存在塞浦路斯乳杆菌感染，这与吸盘一年级的良好生产有关；（vi）寄生虫可能会增加苗圃流浪的几率。可能直接致命；（v）1990年代初不存在塞浦路斯乳杆菌感染，这与吸盘一年级的良好生产有关；（vi）寄生虫可能会增加苗圃流浪的几率。可能直接致命；（v）1990年代初不存在塞浦路斯乳杆菌感染，这与吸盘一年级的良好生产有关；（vi）寄生虫可能会增加苗圃流浪的几率。