Defense sites are contaminated with explosives, which are released during manufacturing, firing, testing and training operations; loading, assembly and packing activities; and demilitarization operations. Explosive chemicals are hazardous in nature. Contamination of the soil and the underlying groundwater by explosives pose serious threat to human and animal health and the eco-system. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly technology as it exploits nature’s own agents- the microbes in degrading the contaminant of interest. This waste treatment technology has been extensively studied for degrading the explosive pollutant. Environmental monitoring, a process of systematic collection of data and analysis is essential in performance evaluation of any waste treatment system. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the environmental monitoring approaches used during bioremediation of explosives contaminated soil. Biogeochemical factors viz., presence and survivability of microbes, bioavailability of the contaminant, pH, temperature, moisture content, redox conditions, presence/addition of substrate and nutrients and presence of intermediates/co-contaminants in the soil environment that are reported to affect the bioremediation of explosives are highlighted. Details on physical, chemical and biological parameters monitored during bioremediation are included. Advancements in instrumental techniques are evolving rapidly and its application in bioremediation approaches promise an enhanced understanding of the mineralization of explosive in the soil environment. Recent developments in application of advanced analytical instrumentation techniques, future research insights with recommendations, which will illuminate the selection of appropriate monitoring tool for evaluating bioremediation are also summarized.

防御工地被爆炸物污染，爆炸物在制造，射击，测试和培训过程中释放；装载，组装和包装活动；和非军事化行动。爆炸性化学品本质上是危险的。爆炸物污染土壤和地下地下水对人类和动物健康以及生态系统构成严重威胁。生物修复技术是一种生态友好的技术，它利用自然界中的微生物（微生物）降解感兴趣的污染物。已经对该废料处理技术进行了广泛的研究以降解爆炸性污染物。环境监测，系统地收集数据和分析的过程对于任何废物处理系统的性能评估都是至关重要的。本文对爆炸物污染土壤的生物修复过程中使用的环境监测方法进行了全面概述。生物地球化学因素即微生物的存在和存活率，污染物的生物利用度，pH，温度，水分含量，氧化还原条件，底物和养分的存在/添加以及土壤环境中据报道会影响土壤生物修复的中间体/共污染物的存在爆炸物突出显示。包括有关生物修复过程中监测的物理，化学和生物学参数的详细信息。仪器技术的发展日新月异，其在生物修复方法中的应用有望增强对土壤环境中炸药矿化的理解。先进分析仪器技术应用的最新进展，对未来研究的见解和建议，