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Dietary influence on central nervous system myelin production, injury, and regeneration.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165779
Monica R Langley 1 , Erin M Triplet 2 , Isobel A Scarisbrick 3
Affiliation  

Oligodendrocytes not only produce myelin to facilitate nerve impulse conduction, but are also essential metabolic partners of the axon. Oligodendrocyte loss and myelin destruction, as occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS), leaves axons vulnerable to degeneration and permanent neurological deficits ensue. Many studies now propose that lifestyle factors such as diet may impact demyelinating conditions, including MS. Most prior reviews have focused on the regulatory role of diet in the inflammatory events that drive MS pathogenesis, however the potential for dietary factors to modulate oligodendrocyte biology, myelin injury and myelin regeneration remain poorly understood. Here we review the current evidence from clinical and animal model studies regarding the impact of diet or dietary factors on myelin integrity and other pathogenic features of MS. Some limited evidence exists that certain foods may decrease risk or influence the progression of MS, such as increased intake of fish or polyunsaturated fatty acids, caloric restriction and fasting-mimicking diets. In addition, evidence suggests adolescent obesity or insufficient vitamin D levels increase the risk for developing MS. However, no clear or consistent evidence exists that dietary components exacerbate disease progression. Cumulatively, current evidence highlights the need for more extensive clinical trials to validate dietary effects on MS and to identify diets or supplements that may be beneficial as food-based strategies in the management of MS alone or in combination with conventional disease modifying therapies.

中文翻译:

饮食对中枢神经系统髓磷脂产生,损伤和再生的影响。

少突胶质细胞不仅产生髓鞘以促进神经冲动传导,而且还是轴突的重要代谢伙伴。多发性硬化症(MS)中发生的少突胶质细胞损失和髓磷脂破坏使轴突易于变性,继而出现永久性神经功能缺损。现在,许多研究表明,饮食等生活方式因素可能会影响包括MS在内的脱髓鞘疾病。大多数先前的评论都集中在饮食在驱动MS发病机制的炎症事件中的调节作用上,然而,饮食因素调节少突胶质细胞生物学,髓磷脂损伤和髓磷脂再生的潜力仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们从临床和动物模型研究中回顾有关饮食或饮食因素对髓鞘完整性和MS的其他致病特征的影响的当前证据。一些有限的证据表明某些食物可能会降低MS的风险或影响MS的发展,例如鱼或多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入增加,热量限制和禁食类似饮食。此外,有证据表明,青少年肥胖或维生素D水平不足会增加患MS的风险。但是,没有明确或一致的证据表明饮食成分会加剧疾病的进展。累积地,当前的证据凸显了需要进行更广泛的临床试验,以验证饮食对MS的影响并确定饮食或补充剂,这些饮食或补充剂可以单独或与传统的疾病缓解疗法联合用于治疗MS的以食物为基础的策略。例如增加鱼类或多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量,限制热量和模仿禁食的饮食。此外,有证据表明,青少年肥胖或维生素D水平不足会增加患MS的风险。但是,没有明确或一致的证据表明饮食成分会加剧疾病的进展。累积地,当前的证据强调需要进行更广泛的临床试验,以验证饮食对MS的影响并确定饮食或补充剂,这些食物或补充剂可单独或与常规疾病缓解疗法联合用于治疗MS时作为基于食物的策略。例如增加鱼类或多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量,限制热量和模仿禁食的饮食。此外,有证据表明,青少年肥胖或维生素D水平不足会增加患MS的风险。但是,没有明确或一致的证据表明饮食成分会加剧疾病的进展。累积地,当前的证据强调需要进行更广泛的临床试验,以验证饮食对MS的影响并确定饮食或补充剂,这些食物或补充剂可单独或与常规疾病缓解疗法联合用于治疗MS时作为基于食物的策略。没有明确或一致的证据表明饮食成分会加剧疾病的进展。累积地,当前的证据凸显了需要进行更广泛的临床试验,以验证饮食对MS的影响并确定饮食或补充剂,这些饮食或补充剂可以单独或与传统的疾病缓解疗法联合用于治疗MS的以食物为基础的策略。没有明确或一致的证据表明饮食成分会加剧疾病的进展。累积地,当前的证据强调需要进行更广泛的临床试验,以验证饮食对MS的影响并确定饮食或补充剂,这些食物或补充剂可单独或与常规疾病缓解疗法联合用于治疗MS时作为基于食物的策略。
更新日期:2020-04-20
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