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Experimental and modelling study of the torrefaction of empty fruit bunches as a potential fuel for palm oil mill boilers
Biomass & Bioenergy ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105530
Mohamad Azri Sukiran , Faisal Abnisa , S. Syafiie , Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud , Abu Bakar Nasrin , Astimar Abdul Aziz , Soh Kheang Loh

Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in the current bulky form are low in energy density and highly moist making them an unattractive option as a solid fuel for producing steam and electricity in palm oil mill biomass boilers. Pre-treatment of EFBs using torrefaction is required in order to improve its energy density via reduction of moisture and oxygen contents, which eventually will lead to an increased high heating value (HHV). In this study, the experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor at different feedstock moisture contents (10–67 wt%), residence times (30 and 60 min), and a torrefaction temperature of 270 °C. The distribution of torrefaction products, structural and fuel properties of the torrefied EFBs were investigated with multiple techniques. The results showed that the decrease in the moisture content of feedstock led to a significant increase in the yield of torrefied EFBs. The decrease in moisture content also resulted in increased energy yield and HHV of torrefied EFBs from 52.2% to 99.3% and 18.2–19.2 MJ/kg, respectively. The obtained results were then fitted to a power model to estimate the mass and energy yields of torrefied EFBs at different moisture contents and residence times by using the least squares method. Empirical equations generated by the developed model were accurate and can obtain a satisfactory fit to the experimental data, with the coefficient of determination values higher than 0.96. The calculated energy and carbon stored from the torrefied EFBs offer additional income, clean power, and less pollution in palm oil milling.



中文翻译:

空果束焙烧作为棕榈油厂锅炉潜在燃料的实验和模型研究

当前体积大的空果束(EFB)能量密度低且高度潮湿,使其成为在棕榈油厂生物质锅炉中生产蒸汽和电力的固体燃料的诱人选择。为了通过减少水分和氧气含量来提高能量密度,需要使用焙干法对EFB进行预处理,这最终将导致高发热量(HHV)的增加。在这项研究中,实验是在固定床反应器中以不同的原料水分含量(10-67 wt%),停留时间(30和60分钟)和270°C的焙烧温度进行的。用多种技术研究了焙干的EFB的焙干产物的分布,结构和燃料性质。结果表明,原料含水量的减少导致焙干的EFB的收率显着提高。水分含量的减少还导致烘焙过的EFB的能量产量和HHV分别从52.2%增加到99.3%和18.2-19.2 MJ / kg。然后使用最小二乘法将获得的结果拟合到功率模型中,以估算在不同水分含量和停留时间下烘焙的EFB的质量和能量产率。所建立的模型产生的经验方程是准确的,并且可以令人满意地拟合实验数据,测定系数大于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。水分含量的减少还导致烘焙过的EFB的能量产量和HHV分别从52.2%增加到99.3%和18.2-19.2 MJ / kg。然后使用最小二乘法将获得的结果拟合到功率模型中,以估算在不同水分含量和停留时间下烘焙的EFB的质量和能量产率。所建立的模型产生的经验方程是准确的,并且可以令人满意地拟合实验数据,测定系数大于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。水分含量的减少还导致烘焙过的EFB的能量产量和HHV分别从52.2%增加到99.3%和18.2-19.2 MJ / kg。然后使用最小二乘法将获得的结果拟合到功率模型中,以估算在不同水分含量和停留时间下烘焙的EFB的质量和能量产率。所建立的模型产生的经验方程是准确的,并且可以令人满意地拟合实验数据,测定系数大于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。然后使用最小二乘法将获得的结果拟合到功率模型中,以估算在不同水分含量和停留时间下烘焙的EFB的质量和能量产率。所建立的模型产生的经验方程是准确的,并且可以令人满意地拟合实验数据,测定系数大于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。然后使用最小二乘法将获得的结果拟合到功率模型中,以估算在不同水分含量和停留时间下烘焙的EFB的质量和能量产率。所建立的模型产生的经验方程是准确的,并且可以令人满意地拟合实验数据,测定系数大于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。测定值的系数高于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。测定值的系数高于0.96。从烘焙过的EFB中存储的经计算的能量和碳可提供额外的收入,清洁的能源,并减少棕榈油碾磨过程中的污染。

更新日期:2020-03-27
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