Soybean developing seed is susceptible to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress in the field, resulting in vigor reduction. Actually, the HTH in the field during soybean seed growth and development would also stress the whole plant, especially on leaf and pod, which in turn affect seed growth and development as well as vigor formation through nutrient supply and protection. In the present study, using a pair of pre-harvest seed deterioration-sensitive and -resistant cultivars Ningzhen No. 1 and Xiangdou No. 3, the comprehensive effects of HTH stress on seed vigor formation during physiological maturity were investigated by analyzing cotyledon, embryo, leaf, and pod at the levels of protein, ultrastructure, and physiology and biochemistry. There were 247, 179, and 517 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf of cv. Xiangdou No. 3 under HTH stress, while 235, 366, and 479 DAPs were identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf of cv. Ningzhen No. 1. Moreover, 120, 144, and 438 DAPs between the two cultivars were identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf under HTH stress, respectively. Moreover, 120, 144, and 438 DAPs between the two cultivars were identified in cotyledon, embryo, and leaf under HTH stress, respectively. Most of the DAPs identified were found to be involved in major metabolic pathways and cellular processes, including signal transduction, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, photosynthesis, protein processing, folding and assembly, protein biosynthesis or degradation, plant-pathogen interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and oxidative stress response. The HTH stress had less negative effects on metabolic pathways, cell ultrastructure, and physiology and biochemistry in the four organs of Xiangdou No. 3 than in those of Ningzhen No. 1, leading to produce higher vigor seeds in the former. High seed vigor formation is enhanced by increasing protein biosynthesis and nutrient storage in cotyledon, stronger stability and viability in embryo, more powerful photosynthetic capacity and nutrient supply in leaf, and stronger protection in pod under HTH stress. These results provide comprehensive characteristics of leaf, pod and seed (cotyledon and embryo) under HTH stress, and some of them can be used as selection index in high seed vigor breeding program in soybean.

中文翻译：

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子叶、胚、叶和豆荚的定量蛋白质组学、生理生化分析揭示高温高湿胁迫对大豆种子活力形成的影响


大豆发育中的种子容易受到田间高温高湿 (HTH) 胁迫的影响，导致活力下降。实际上，大豆种子生长发育过程中的田间高温也会对整株植物产生胁迫，尤其是叶片和荚果，进而通过养分供应和保护影响种子的生长发育和活力形成。本研究以宁珍1号和香豆3号这对采前种子变质敏感且抗变质的品种为材料，通过子叶、胚的分析，研究了HTH胁迫对种子生理成熟过程中活力形成的综合影响。 、叶和豆荚的蛋白质、超微结构以及生理生化水平。在 cv. 的子叶、胚和叶中鉴定出 247、179 和 517 个差异丰度蛋白 (DAP)。香豆3号在HTH胁迫下，在香豆3号的子叶、胚和叶中鉴定出235、366和479个DAP。宁珍1号。此外，在HTH胁迫下，两个品种的子叶、胚和叶中分别鉴定出120、144和438个DAP。此外，在 HTH 胁迫下，两个品种的子叶、胚和叶中分别鉴定出 120、144 和 438 个 DAP。大多数已鉴定的 DAP 被发现参与主要代谢途径和细胞过程，包括信号转导、三羧酸循环、脂肪酸代谢、光合作用、蛋白质加工、折叠和组装、蛋白质生物合成或降解、植物-病原体相互作用、淀粉以及蔗糖代谢和氧化应激反应。 HTH胁迫对香豆3号四个器官代谢途径、细胞超微结构、生理生化的负面影响均小于宁珍1号，导致香豆3号种子活力较高。通过增加子叶的蛋白质生物合成和养分储存、更强的胚稳定性和活力、更强大的叶片光合能力和养分供应以及更强的HTH胁迫下的荚果保护，增强种子高活力的形成。这些结果提供了HTH胁迫下叶、豆荚和种子（子叶和胚）的综合特征，其中一些可以作为大豆种子高活力育种项目的选择指标。