Background and Purpose- Focal cerebral arteriopathy is monophasic inflammatory stenosis of the distal internal carotid artery or the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery. It is one of the most common causes of acute arterial ischemic stroke in young children but is a less familiar entity for adult neurologists. Methods- We retrospectively reviewed stroke service radiology records at a tertiary referral center from January 2013 to December 2014. Focal cerebral arteriopathy was defined as nonprogressive unifocal and unilateral stenosis/irregularity of the distal internal carotid artery or its proximal branches. Only patients aged 16 to 55 years with stroke were included. Results- There were 5 cases of focal cerebral arteriopathy: 2 males and 3 females. Three cases were from the cohort of 123 acute presentations of young stroke, and 2 cases were outpatient referrals. The mean age (range) was 43 (32-55) years. The majority presented with recurrent transient ischemic attacks/minor strokes within a single vascular territory over days to weeks. All cases had characteristic radiological features. Interval imaging demonstrated resolution in 1 case and improvement in 3 cases. Functional outcome was excellent with discharge modified Rankin Scale score ranging from 0 to 1. Recurrence occurred in 1 case. Conclusions- Focal cerebral arteriopathy is a rare cause of arterial ischemic stroke in young adults. Follow-up intracranial imaging is essential to differentiate from progressive arteriopathies. Evidence-based treatment warrants further investigation. Prognosis is favorable.

中文翻译：

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青年中风患者的局灶性脑动脉病。

背景与目的-局灶性脑动脉病是颈内动脉远端或大脑中动脉近端段的单相炎性狭窄。它是幼儿急性动脉缺血性卒中的最常见原因之一，但对于成年神经病学家而言却不那么为人所知。方法-我们回顾性研究了2013年1月至2014年12月在三级转诊中心的卒中服务放射学记录。局灶性脑动脉病变定义为颈内动脉远端或其近端分支的非渐进性单灶和单侧狭窄/不规则。仅包括年龄在16至55岁的中风患者。结果-局灶性脑动脉病5例，男2例，女3例。3例来自123例年轻中风的急性表现，门诊转诊2例。平均年龄（范围）为43（32-55）岁。多数患者在数天至数周内出现单一血管区域内反复发作的短暂性脑缺血发作/中风。所有病例均具有特征性放射学特征。间隔成像显示分辨率1例，改善3例。功能性预后极好，出院时改良的Rankin量表评分为0到1。复发1例。结论-局灶性脑动脉病是年轻人动脉缺血性卒中的罕见原因。随访颅内成像对于区别进行性动脉病至关重要。循证治疗值得进一步调查。预后良好。多数患者在数天至数周内出现单一血管区域内反复发作的短暂性脑缺血发作/中风。所有病例均具有特征性放射学特征。间隔成像显示分辨率1例，改善3例。功能性预后极佳，出院时改良的Rankin量表评分为0到1。复发1例。结论-青年人局灶性脑动脉病是动脉缺血性卒中的罕见原因。随访颅内成像对于区别进行性动脉病至关重要。循证治疗值得进一步调查。预后良好。多数患者在数天至数周内出现单一血管区域内反复发作的短暂性脑缺血发作/中风。所有病例均具有放射学特征。间隔成像显示分辨率1例，改善3例。功能性预后极好，出院时改良的Rankin量表评分为0到1。复发1例。结论-青年人局灶性脑动脉病是动脉缺血性卒中的罕见原因。随访颅内成像对于区别进行性动脉病至关重要。循证治疗值得进一步调查。预后良好。间隔成像显示分辨率1例，改善3例。功能性预后极佳，出院时改良的Rankin量表评分为0到1。复发1例。结论-青年人局灶性脑动脉病是动脉缺血性卒中的罕见原因。随访颅内成像对于区别进行性动脉病至关重要。循证治疗有待进一步调查。预后良好。间隔成像显示分辨率1例，改善3例。功能性预后极佳，出院时改良的Rankin量表评分为0到1。复发1例。结论-青年人局灶性脑动脉病是动脉缺血性卒中的罕见原因。随访颅内成像对于区别进行性动脉病至关重要。循证治疗值得进一步调查。预后良好。循证治疗值得进一步调查。预后良好。循证治疗值得进一步调查。预后良好。