Microbial colonisation in children is believed to initiate at birth, and from this point onwards, complex microbial populations evolve in niche-specific patterns throughout the body. In all niches, both transient and more persistent colonisers emerge in a temporal fashion. Such temporal changes are especially observed in the first year of life, when the composition of the microbiota is unstable, all environmental exposures are novel, and dietary patterns change considerably. Although environmental factors in childhood act as microbial reservoirs and seeding sources for the developing microbiome, the gut microbiome in early life is further shaped by the nutritional components of the diet, with different species thriving on specific dietary compounds and thereby being selected for. The microbiome in early life is dominated by bacterial species that can digest oligosaccharides and lipids from breast milk; the subsequent introduction of solid foods allows for new microbes to emerge and colonise. As such, the microbial composition of the gut is dynamic and develops rapidly during the first year of life, and this process of development characterises the normal maturation of the microbiome. ^, 

中文翻译：

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微生物成熟中的摄动会引起哮喘吗？

据认为，儿童中的微生物定植是在出生时开始的，从那时起，复杂的微生物种群会在整个身体中以利基特定的模式进化。在所有生态位中，短暂的和较持久的定居者都以时间的方式出现。这种暂时的变化尤其在生命的第一年中观察到，当时微生物群的组成不稳定，所有环境暴露均是新颖的，饮食结构也发生了很大变化。尽管儿童时期的环境因素充当了正在发展的微生物组的微生物储存库和种子源，但肠道中的微生物组在早期仍会受到饮食中营养成分的影响，不同物种在特定的饮食化合物上繁衍生息并因此而被选择。生命早期的微生物组主要由可以消化母乳中的寡糖和脂质的细菌组成。随后固体食物的引入使新的微生物出现并定殖。因此，肠道的微生物组成是动态的，并在生命的第一年迅速发展，并且这种发展过程表征了微生物组的正常成熟。^，