The technology development in wireless sensor network (WSN) offers a sustainable solution towards precision agriculture (PA) in greenhouses. It helps to effectively use the agricultural resources and management tools and monitors different parameters to attain better quality yield and production. WSN makes use of Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), a wireless technology to transmit data over long distances with minimal power consumption. LoRaWAN is one of the most successful LPWAN technologies despite its low data rate and because of its low deployment and management costs. Greenhouses are susceptible to different types of interference and diversification, demanding an improved WSN design scheme. In this paper, we contemplate the viable challenges for PA in greenhouses and propose the successive steps essential for effectual WSN deployment and facilitation. We performed a real-time, end-to-end deployment of a LoRaWAN-based sensor network in a greenhouse of the 'Proefcentrum Hoogstraten' research center in Belgium. We have designed a dashboard for better visualization and analysis of the data, analyzed the power consumption for the LoRaWAN communication, and tried three different enclosure types (commercial, simple box and airflow box, respectively). We validated the implications of real-word challenges on the end-to-end deployment and air circulation for the correct sensor readings. We found that temperature and humidity have a larger impact on the sensor readings inside the greenhouse than we initially thought, which we successfully solved through the airflow box design.

中文翻译：

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利用LoRaWAN技术在温室中进行精准农业。

无线传感器网络（WSN）的技术发展为温室中的精确农业（PA）提供了可持续的解决方案。它有助于有效地利用农业资源和管理工具，并监控不同的参数以获得更好的优质产量和产量。WSN利用低功耗广域网（LPWAN），这是一种无线技术，可以以最小的功耗在远距离传输数据。尽管LoRaWAN数据速率低并且部署和管理成本低，但它是最成功的LPWAN技术之一。温室容易受到不同类型的干扰和多样化的影响，因此需要改进的WSN设计方案。在本文中，我们考虑了温室中PA的可行挑战，并提出了有效部署和促进WSN必不可少的后续步骤。我们在比利时“ Proefcentrum Hoogstraten”研究中心的温室中进行了基于LoRaWAN的传感器网络的实时，端到端部署。我们设计了一个仪表板，以更好地可视化和分析数据，分析了LoRaWAN通信的功耗，并尝试了三种不同的机柜类型（分别是商业机柜，简易机柜和气流机柜）。我们验证了实词挑战对端对端部署和空气流通的影响，以获取正确的传感器读数。我们发现，温度和湿度对温室内部传感器读数的影响比我们最初认为的要大，