Abstract To meet the urgent needs for higher energy density and longer lifespan of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), silicon (Si) anode material has been proposed to be the most prospective and brightening substitutions to the commercial graphite anode materials, because of its low working voltage and tremendous theoretical specific capacity. In this paper, a simple and easy way to synthesize the Si/carbon (Si/C) composite is developed via a one-step hydrothermal method using Pluronic P123 as surfactant for the first time. The introduction of P123 is in favor of the dispersion of Si in the glucose water. Thus, the obtained Si/C composite takes on a pomegranate-structure, in which Si nanoparticles evenly inserted into the carbon matrix. The unique structure of Si/C could ensure the better electronic conductivity, and alleviate the big volume change during cycling process. As a consequence, the obtained Si/C composite presents better cycling stability and rate performance than bare Si material. After 100 cycles, the Si/C composite shows the high cycling capacity of 530 mAh g−1 under the current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a prominent high capacity of 460 mAh g−1 even under the high current density of 1 A g−1. The proposed preparation way is easy, simple and practical to carry out for the commercial process to achieve the high-performance for LIBs by efficient anode materials.

中文翻译：

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P123作为高能锂离子电池表面活性剂合成石榴结构的Si/C微球

摘要 为满足锂离子电池（LIBs）对更高能量密度和更长寿命的迫切需求，硅（Si）负极材料被认为是商业石墨负极材料的最有前景和光亮的替代品，因为它的低工作电压和巨大的理论比容量。在本文中，首次使用 Pluronic P123 作为表面活性剂，通过一步水热法开发了一种简单易行的合成硅/碳 (Si/C) 复合材料的方法。P123的引入有利于Si在葡萄糖水中的分散。因此，获得的Si/C复合材料呈现石榴状结构，其中Si纳米颗粒均匀地嵌入到碳基体中。Si/C 的独特结构可以确保更好的电子导电性，并缓解循环过程中的大体积变化。因此，获得的 Si/C 复合材料比裸硅材料具有更好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。100 次循环后，Si/C 复合材料在 0.5 A g-1 的电流密度下显示出 530 mAh g-1 的高循环容量，即使在 1 A 的高电流密度下也显示出 460 mAh g-1 的显着高容量g-1。所提出的制备方法容易、简单且实用，可用于商业过程，以通过高效的负极材料实现 LIBs 的高性能。5 A g-1 和 460 mAh g-1 的显着高容量，即使在 1 A g-1 的高电流密度下。所提出的制备方法容易、简单且实用，可用于商业化过程，以通过高效的负极材料实现 LIBs 的高性能。5 A g-1 和 460 mAh g-1 的显着高容量，即使在 1 A g-1 的高电流密度下。所提出的制备方法容易、简单且实用，可用于商业化过程，以通过高效的负极材料实现 LIBs 的高性能。