Abstract Understanding land system dynamics is fundamental for policy-making from local to global scale. Land system is a combination of land use, land management and territorial practices. To attain such complete information about landscape structures is a challenging task. Aiming to deepen knowledge on land systems, we applied a methodology meant to achieve a broader understanding of dynamics in the Sitio de Monfurado (SM), a Natura 2000 site and holder of High Nature Value farming systems. To do so, we combined spatial analysis of land system changes with a participatory approach designated as Territory Game. While the spatial analysis shows little change in the SM land systems, the territory is perceived as fast-changing by the territorial actors (e.g., stakeholders with an explicit role in territorial development). At both scales, and in agreement with literature, we find trends of simplification and intensification in land systems, typically associated with the reduction of multifunctionality. The combination of both approaches contributed to the understanding of past changes, the drivers that induce such changes, how these are interpreted and, how to act upon them in the future. The proposed combined methodology can bring new useful insights for policy-makers, although scaling from local to broader scale remains a challenge.

中文翻译：

---

土地系统动态的整体方法——葡萄牙阿连特茹的蒙富拉多案例

摘要 了解土地系统动态是从地方到全球范围的政策制定的基础。土地制度是土地利用、土地管理和领土实践的结合。获得如此完整的景观结构信息是一项具有挑战性的任务。为了加深对土地系统的了解，我们应用了一种方法，旨在更广泛地了解 Sitio de Monfurado (SM)，这是一个 Natura 2000 站点和高自然价值农业系统的持有者。为此，我们将土地系统变化的空间分析与指定为领土游戏的参与式方法相结合。虽然空间分析显示 SM 土地系统几乎没有变化，但领土被领土参与者（例如，在领土发展中具有明确作用的利益相关者）视为快速变化。在两个尺度上，与文献一致，我们发现土地系统的简化和集约化趋势，通常与多功能性的减少有关。这两种方法的结合有助于理解过去的变化、引发这些变化的驱动因素、如何解释这些变化以及如何在未来对它们采取行动。提议的组合方法可以为政策制定者带来新的有用见解，尽管从本地扩展到更广泛的规模仍然是一个挑战。