One of the most studied topics in analytical chemistry and physics is to develop bio-sensors. Aptamers are small single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides (5-25 kDa), which have advantages in comparison to their antibodies such as physicochemical stability and high binding specificity. They are able to integrate with proteins or small molecules, including intact viral particles, plant lectins, gene-regulation factor, growth factors, antibodies and enzymes. The aptamers have reportedly shown some unique characteristics, including long shelf-life, simple modification to provide covalent bonds to material surfaces, minor batch variation, cost-effectiveness and slight denaturation susceptibility. These features led important efforts toward the development of aptamer-based sensors, known as apta-sensors classified into optical, electrical and mass-sensitive based on the signal transduction mode. This review provided a number of current advancements in selecting, development criteria, and aptamers application with the focus on the effect of apta-sensors, specifically for disease-associated analyses. The review concentrated on the current reports of apta-sensors that are used for evaluating different food and environmental pollutants.

中文翻译：

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综述：具有各种检测策略的超灵敏和高度特异性识别适体传感器的最新进展。

分析化学和物理领域研究最多的主题之一是开发生物传感器。适体是小的单链RNA或DNA寡核苷酸（5-25kDa），与它们的抗体相比具有优势，例如理化稳定性和高结合特异性。它们能够与蛋白质或小分子整合，包括完整的病毒颗粒，植物凝集素，基因调节因子，生长因子，抗体和酶。据报道，适体显示出一些独特的特征，包括长的贮存期限，简单的修饰以提供与材料表面的共价键，较小的批次变化，成本效益和轻微的变性敏感性。这些功能为开发基于适体的传感器（称为适体传感器，分为光学传感器，电和质量敏感的信号转导模式。这篇综述提供了在选择，开发标准和适体应用方面的许多最新进展，重点是适体传感器的作用，特别是与疾病相关的分析。审查集中于用于评估不同食品和环境污染物的适体传感器的最新报告。