Biorefining of green biomasses to produce proteins for feed and food along with fibers/sugars for production of fuels and chemicals constitutes one viable pathway in the transition to a bio-economy. In this respect, maximizing annual biomass output is a key parameter and one potential new concept could be green harvest of cereal crops followed by early establishment of a cover crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate different scenarios for harvesting and biorefining triticale either at maturity or earlier in green growth stages. High-yielding triticale was grown under different regimes of N-application and was harvested at three stages of maturity from green to full maturity. Green biomass was fractionated into a fiber rich pulp and a protein rich juice, from which a protein concentrate was produced. The digestibility and sugar potential of the fiber pulp was evaluated against mature straw by enzymatic hydrolysis after hydrothermal pretreatment. Triticale biomass and protein yield did not increase during the last 5–6 weeks before harvest at maturity in August. On average 21 t ha⁻¹ of dry weight biomass was harvested in early July. Fractionation of protein from the green triticale resulted in the production of 730 kg ha⁻¹ of crude protein in a protein concentrate with an amino acid profile superior to grain protein. The structural carbohydrates in the green biomass and the fiber pulp were less recalcitrant compared to mature straw. The total sugar potential from biorefining of green triticale was under the given conditions up to 5.3 t ha⁻¹.

绿色生物质的生物精制，以生产饲料和食品用的蛋白质，以及纤维/糖，以生产燃料和化学品，构成了向生物经济过渡的一条可行途径。在这方面，最大限度地提高年生物量产量是一个关键参数，一个潜在的新概念可能是谷物作物的绿色收获，然后尽早建立覆盖作物。这项研究的目的是评估在成熟期或更早的绿色生长阶段收获和生物精制黑小麦的不同方案。高产黑小麦在不同的氮素施用方式下生长，并在从绿色成熟到完全成熟的三个成熟阶段收获。将绿色生物质分馏成富含纤维的果肉和富含蛋白质的汁液，从中生产蛋白质浓缩物。通过水热预处理后的酶解，评估纤维浆对成熟稻草的消化率和糖势。小黑麦的生物量和蛋白质产量在8月成熟之前的最后5-6周内没有增加。平均21吨公顷7月初收获了^-1的干重生物质。来自绿色小黑麦的蛋白质分级分离导致在蛋白质浓缩物中产生730 kg ha ^-1的粗蛋白质，其氨基酸谱优于谷物蛋白质。与成熟的稻草相比，绿色生物质和纤维纸浆中的结构性碳水化合物难降解。在给定条件下，绿色小黑麦的生物精制总糖势高达5.3 t ha ^-1。