Abstract Enhanced cyclic performance is a great challenge for the application of tin dioxide-based anode in lithium-ion batteries. In this study, a facile strategy using one-step heat treatment at low temperature is developed to synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on chlorinated graphene as binder-free electrodes that exhibit a long cycling life up to 400 cycles with a discharge capacity of 1008 mA h g−1. After assessment of the rate capability, the cell is tested for another 1600 cycles showing a reversible capacity stabile at 559 mA h g−1. Theoretical calculation shows that the doping of chlorine atom can not only enhance electrical conductivity of graphene, but also increase the adsorption energies (−2.62 eV for SnO2@rGO-Cl vs. −0.03 eV for SnO2@rGO) between graphene and SnO2 nanoparticles, which preserve the integrity of electrodes during cycling.

中文翻译：

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直接在铜箔上形成的氯化石墨烯上锚定的 SnO2 纳米粒子作为锂离子电池的无粘合剂负极材料

摘要 提高循环性能是二氧化锡基负极在锂离子电池中应用的一大挑战。在这项研究中，开发了一种使用低温一步热处理的简便策略来合成锚定在氯化石墨烯上的 SnO2 纳米粒子作为无粘合剂电极，其循环寿命长达 400 次循环，放电容量为 1008 mA hg− 1. 在评估倍率能力后，电池再测试 1600 次循环，显示可逆容量稳定在 559 mAh g-1。理论计算表明，氯原子的掺杂不仅可以提高石墨烯的导电性，而且可以增加石墨烯和 SnO2 纳米颗粒之间的吸附能（SnO2@rGO-Cl 为 -2.62 eV，SnO2@rGO 为 -0.03 eV），