Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary pathogen able to infect a wide range of animals in a broad spectrum of diseases. P. multocida is a complex microorganism in relation to its genomic flexibility, host adaptation and pathogenesis. Epidemiological analysis based on multilocus sequence typing, serotyping, genotyping, association with virulence genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), enables assessment of intraspecies diversity, phylogenetic and strain-specific relationships associated with host predilection or disease. A high number of sequenced genomes provides us a more accurate genomic and epidemiological interpretation to determine whether certain lineages can infect a host or produce disease. Comparative genomic analysis and pan-genomic approaches have revealed a flexible genome for hosting mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and therefore significant variation in gene content. Moreover, it was possible to find lineage-specific MGEs from the same niche, showing acquisition probably due to an evolutionary convergence event or to a genetic group with infective capacity. Furthermore, diversification selection analysis exhibits proteins exposed on the surface subject to selection pressures with an interstrain heterogeneity related to their ability to adapt. This article is the first review describing the genomic relationship to elucidate the diversity and evolution of P. multocida.

多杀性巴斯德氏菌是一种重要的兽医病原体，能够感染多种疾病的多种动物。多杀疫霉就基因组灵活性，宿主适应性和发病机理而言，它是一种复杂的微生物。基于多基因座序列分型，血清分型，基因分型，与毒力基因和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）关联的流行病学分析，可以评估与寄主嗜好或疾病相关的种内多样性，系统发育和菌株特异性关系。大量测序的基因组为我们提供了更准确的基因组学和流行病学解释，以确定某些谱系是否可以感染宿主或产生疾病。比较基因组分析和泛基因组方法已经揭示了一种灵活的基因组，可容纳移动遗传元件（MGE），因此基因含量存在显着差异。而且，有可能从同一个细分市场中找到特定于血统的MGE，显示获得性可能是由于进化趋同事件或具有感染力的遗传群体。此外，多样化选择分析显示暴露于表面的蛋白质受到选择压力的影响，其蛋白间异质性与其适应能力有关。本文是第一篇介绍基因组关系的综述，以阐明该基因组的多样性和进化P. multocida。