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Hiding in plain sight: discovery and phylogeography of a cryptic species of Trichinella (Nematoda: Trichinellidae) in wolverine (Gulo gulo).
International Journal for Parasitology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.01.003 Rajnish Sharma 1 , Peter C Thompson 2 , Eric P Hoberg 3 , W Brad Scandrett 4 , Kelly Konecsni 4 , N Jane Harms 5 , Piia M Kukka 5 , Thomas S Jung 6 , Brett Elkin 7 , Robert Mulders 7 , Nicholas C Larter 8 , Marsha Branigan 9 , Jodie Pongracz 9 , Brent Wagner 1 , Pratap Kafle 1 , Vladislav A Lobanov 4 , Benjamin M Rosenthal 2 , Emily J Jenkins 1
International Journal for Parasitology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.01.003 Rajnish Sharma 1 , Peter C Thompson 2 , Eric P Hoberg 3 , W Brad Scandrett 4 , Kelly Konecsni 4 , N Jane Harms 5 , Piia M Kukka 5 , Thomas S Jung 6 , Brett Elkin 7 , Robert Mulders 7 , Nicholas C Larter 8 , Marsha Branigan 9 , Jodie Pongracz 9 , Brent Wagner 1 , Pratap Kafle 1 , Vladislav A Lobanov 4 , Benjamin M Rosenthal 2 , Emily J Jenkins 1
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Understanding parasite diversity and distribution is essential in managing the potential impact of parasitic diseases in animals and people. Imperfect diagnostic methods, however, may conceal cryptic species. Here, we report the discovery and phylogeography of a previously unrecognized species of Trichinella in wolverine (Gulo gulo) from northwestern Canada that was indistinguishable from T. nativa using the standard multiplex PCR assay based on the expansion segment 5 (ESV) of ribosomal DNA. The novel genotype, designated as T13, was discovered when sequencing the mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial genome and of 15 concatenated single copy orthologs of nuclear DNA indicated a common ancestor for the encapsulated clade is shared by a subclade containing Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nelsoni, and a subclade containing T13 and remaining taxa: T12 + (T2 + T6) + [(T5 + T9) + (T3 + T8)]. Of 95 individual hosts from 12 species of mammalian carnivores from northwestern Canada from which larvae were identified as T. nativa on multiplex PCR, only wolverines were infected with T13 (14 of 42 individuals). These infections were single or mixed with T. nativa and/or T6. Visual examination and motility testing confirmed that T13 is encapsulated and likely freeze-tolerant. We developed a new Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism which unequivocally distinguishes between T13 and T. nativa. We propose Trichinella chanchalensis n. sp. for T13, based on significant genetic divergence from other species of Trichinella and broad-based sampling of the Trichinella genome. Exploration of Alaskan and Siberian isolates may contribute to further resolution of a phylogeographically complex history for species of Trichinella across Beringia, including Trichinella chanchalensis n. sp. (T13).
中文翻译：
隐藏在众目：之下：金刚狼（Gulo gulo）中一种旋毛虫（Nematoda：Trichinellidae）的隐性物种的发现和种系。
了解寄生虫的多样性和分布对于管理寄生虫疾病对动物和人的潜在影响至关重要。但是，不完善的诊断方法可能掩盖了隐性物种。在这里，我们报道了加拿大西北部的金刚狼（Gulo gulo）中先前未被识别的旋毛虫的发现和系统地理学，它使用基于核糖体DNA扩展部分5（ESV）的标准多重PCR分析法与纳豆T. nativa不能区分。在对线粒体基因组进行测序时，发现了名为T13的新基因型。对线粒体基因组和15个串联的单拷贝直系同源DNA进行系统进化分析表明，包囊进化枝的共同祖先由包含旋毛虫和旋毛虫的小支共有，包含T13和剩余分类单元的子小节：T12 +（T2 + T6）+ [（T5 + T9）+（T3 + T8）]。在来自加拿大西北部12种哺乳动物肉食动物的95种个体寄主中，在多重PCR上从中鉴定出幼虫为纳豆弧菌，其中只有金刚狼感染了T13（42人中的14人）。这些感染是单一的或与纳豆T.和/或T6混合。目测和运动测试证实T13被封装并且可能耐冻。我们开发了一种新的聚合酶链反应限制片段长度多态性，可明确区分T13和T. nativa。我们提出旋毛虫chnchalensis n。sp。基于旋毛虫其他物种的显着遗传差异和旋毛虫基因组的广泛采样而得出的T13。对阿拉斯加和西伯利亚分离株的探索可能有助于进一步解析整个白令菌（包括旋毛虫chinchalensis n）的旋毛虫物种的系统地理复杂历史。sp。（T13）。
更新日期：2020-03-24
中文翻译：
隐藏在众目：之下：金刚狼（Gulo gulo）中一种旋毛虫（Nematoda：Trichinellidae）的隐性物种的发现和种系。
了解寄生虫的多样性和分布对于管理寄生虫疾病对动物和人的潜在影响至关重要。但是，不完善的诊断方法可能掩盖了隐性物种。在这里，我们报道了加拿大西北部的金刚狼（Gulo gulo）中先前未被识别的旋毛虫的发现和系统地理学，它使用基于核糖体DNA扩展部分5（ESV）的标准多重PCR分析法与纳豆T. nativa不能区分。在对线粒体基因组进行测序时，发现了名为T13的新基因型。对线粒体基因组和15个串联的单拷贝直系同源DNA进行系统进化分析表明，包囊进化枝的共同祖先由包含旋毛虫和旋毛虫的小支共有，包含T13和剩余分类单元的子小节：T12 +（T2 + T6）+ [（T5 + T9）+（T3 + T8）]。在来自加拿大西北部12种哺乳动物肉食动物的95种个体寄主中，在多重PCR上从中鉴定出幼虫为纳豆弧菌，其中只有金刚狼感染了T13（42人中的14人）。这些感染是单一的或与纳豆T.和/或T6混合。目测和运动测试证实T13被封装并且可能耐冻。我们开发了一种新的聚合酶链反应限制片段长度多态性，可明确区分T13和T. nativa。我们提出旋毛虫chnchalensis n。sp。基于旋毛虫其他物种的显着遗传差异和旋毛虫基因组的广泛采样而得出的T13。对阿拉斯加和西伯利亚分离株的探索可能有助于进一步解析整个白令菌（包括旋毛虫chinchalensis n）的旋毛虫物种的系统地理复杂历史。sp。（T13）。
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