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The value of existing regulatory frameworks for the environmental risk assessment of agricultural pest control using gene drives
Environmental Science & Policy ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.016
Jörg Romeis , Jana Collatz , Debora C.M. Glandorf , Michael B. Bonsall

Abstract The application of (synthetic) gene drives is a powerful tool to control populations of insects that are agricultural pests, vectors of diseases, or a threat to biodiversity potentially leading to the local or global eradication of a species. The potential use of gene drive organisms has triggered a heated discussion regarding their environmental impacts and regulatory oversight. However, experience exists in assessing the environmental impacts of a number of established agricultural pest control methods that require the release of living organisms, that provide high levels of area-wide control and that might be irreversible. This includes classical biological control, the sterile insect technique, the incompatible insect technique that is based on the cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by Wolbachia endosymbionts, and genetically modified insects containing self-limiting traits. The different technologies are described, the regulatory practice and experience is summarized and pathways through which these control technologies could harm valued ecosystem services are presented. With a focus on the application of gene drives in agriculture, using the invasive Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as a case study we then discuss to what extent the existing frameworks could assist the risk assessment of insects carrying gene drives. We suggest that drawing on existing practices, experiences and legislative frameworks will provide a pragmatic and proportionate approach to evaluate the environmental risks of novel solutions based on gene drive technologies.

中文翻译:

利用基因驱动进行农业害虫防治环境风险评估的现有监管框架的价值

摘要(合成)基因驱动的应用是控制作为农业害虫、疾病媒介或对生物多样性构成威胁的昆虫种群的有力工具,这些昆虫可能导致当地或全球消灭一个物种。基因驱动生物的潜在用途引发了关于其环境影响和监管监督的激烈讨论。然而,在评估一些既定的农业害虫防治方法对环境的影响方面存在经验,这些方法需要释放生物体,提供高水平的区域范围控制并且可能是不可逆转的。这包括经典的生物防治、昆虫不育技术、基于 Wolbachia 内共生菌引起的细胞质不相容性的不相容昆虫技术,和含有自限性特征的转基因昆虫。描述了不同的技术,总结了监管实践和经验,并介绍了这些控制技术可能损害有价值的生态系统服务的途径。重点关注基因驱动在农业中的应用,以入侵的铃木果蝇(双翅目:果蝇科)为案例研究,然后我们讨论现有框架在多大程度上可以帮助携带基因驱动的昆虫进行风险评估。我们建议借鉴现有的实践、经验和立法框架,将提供一种务实和相称的方法来评估基于基因驱动技术的新型解决方案的环境风险。总结了监管实践和经验,并介绍了这些控制技术可能损害有价值的生态系统服务的途径。重点关注基因驱动在农业中的应用,以入侵的铃木果蝇(双翅目:果蝇科)为案例研究,然后我们讨论现有框架在多大程度上可以帮助携带基因驱动的昆虫进行风险评估。我们建议借鉴现有的实践、经验和立法框架,将提供一种务实和相称的方法来评估基于基因驱动技术的新型解决方案的环境风险。总结了监管实践和经验,并介绍了这些控制技术可能损害有价值的生态系统服务的途径。重点关注基因驱动在农业中的应用,以入侵的铃木果蝇(双翅目:果蝇科)为案例研究,然后我们讨论现有框架在多大程度上可以帮助携带基因驱动的昆虫进行风险评估。我们建议借鉴现有的实践、经验和立法框架,将提供一种务实和相称的方法来评估基于基因驱动技术的新型解决方案的环境风险。使用侵入性 Drosophila suzukii(双翅目:果蝇科)作为案例研究,我们然后讨论现有框架在多大程度上可以帮助携带基因驱动的昆虫进行风险评估。我们建议借鉴现有的实践、经验和立法框架,将提供一种务实和相称的方法来评估基于基因驱动技术的新型解决方案的环境风险。使用侵入性 Drosophila suzukii(双翅目:果蝇科)作为案例研究,我们然后讨论现有框架在多大程度上可以帮助携带基因驱动的昆虫进行风险评估。我们建议借鉴现有的实践、经验和立法框架,将提供一种务实和相称的方法来评估基于基因驱动技术的新型解决方案的环境风险。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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