A set of constructed wetlands (CWs) under different biochar addition ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) was established to analyze the pollutant removal performance enhancement and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission reduction from various angles, including microbial community structure, functional genes and enzyme activity. Results revealed that the average removal efficiencies of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) and total nitrogen (TN) were improved by 2.6%–5.2% and 2.5%–7.0%. Meanwhile, N₂O emissions were reduced by 56.0%–67.5% after biochar addition. Increased nitrogen removal efficiency and decreased N₂O emissions resulted from the increase of biochar addition ratio. Biochar addition changed the microbial community diversity and similarity. The relative abundance of functional microorganisms such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Thauera and Pseudomonas, increased due to biochar addition, which promoted the nitrogen cycle and N₂O emission reduction. High gene copy number and enzyme activity involved in nitrification and denitrification process were obtained in biochar CWs, moderating N₂O emission.

建立了一组在不同生物炭添加比率（0％，10％，20％和30％）下的人工湿地（CW），以从各个角度分析污染物去除性能的提高和一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）排放的减少，包括微生物群落结构，功能基因和酶活性。结果表明，铵（NH ₄ ⁺ -N）和总氮（TN）的平均去除效率分别提高了2.6％–5.2％和2.5％–7.0％。同时，添加生物炭后，N ₂ O排放减少了56.0％–67.5％。提高脱氮效率，减少N ₂O排放是由于生物炭添加比例的增加所致。添加生物炭改变了微生物群落的多样性和相似性。由于添加了生物炭，功能性微生物如亚硝化单胞菌，硝化螺旋藻，拟南芥和假单胞菌的相对丰度增加，从而促进了氮循环和N ₂ O排放的减少。生物炭连续水获得了较高的基因拷贝数和参与硝化和反硝化过程的酶活性，从而缓和了N ₂ O的排放。