Abstract Patterning complex metallic structures via additive manufacturing (AM) has broad applications in energy, medical and aerospace industries. Current AM methods are often limited by high processing temperature, discontinuous film deposition and/or low product conductivity and reflectivity. We present a versatile room-temperature metal printing technique based on polymer-assisted photochemical deposition (PPD). Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) printing of silver, gold and platinum structures with feature sizes as small as 5 µm are demonstrated on various substrates, including silicon, glass, polymers and biocompatible hydrogels. The PPD-printed metal films are continuous and smooth (roughness × 105 S cm−1) and reflective comparable to that of vacuum deposited counterparts. This breakthrough in advanced AM technique holds great promise for low-cost, fast and distributed manufacturing in optics, electronics and robotics.

中文翻译：

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通过聚合物辅助光化学沉积打印连续金属结构

摘要 通过增材制造 (AM) 对复杂金属结构进行图案化在能源、医疗和航空航天工业中具有广泛的应用。当前的 AM 方法通常受到高处理温度、不连续薄膜沉积和/或低产品导电率和反射率的限制。我们提出了一种基于聚合物辅助光化学沉积 (PPD) 的多功能室温金属打印技术。特征尺寸小至 5 µm 的银、金和铂结构的二维 (2D) 和三维 (3D) 打印在各种基材上进行了演示，包括硅、玻璃、聚合物和生物相容性水凝胶。PPD 印刷的金属薄膜是连续和光滑的（粗糙度 × 105 S cm-1），并且与真空沉积的金属薄膜相当。