The ability to perceive differences in environmental contrast is critical for navigating complex environments safely. People with Parkinson's disease (PD) report a multitude of visual and cognitive deficits which may impede safe obstacle negotiation and increase fall risk. Enhancing obstacle contrast may influence the content of visual information acquired within complex environments and thus target environmental fall risk factors. 17 PD with a history of falls and 18 controls walked over an obstacle covered in a high and low contrast material in separate trials whilst eye movements were recorded. Measures of visual function and cognition were obtained. Gaze location was extracted during the approach phase. PD spent longer looking at the obstacle compared to controls regardless of contrast (p < .05), however group differences were largest for the low contrast obstacle. When accounting for group differences in approach time, PD spent longer looking at the low contrast obstacle and less time looking at the ground beyond the low contrast obstacle compared to controls (p < .05). The response to obstacle contrast in PD (high-low) was significantly associated with executive function. Better executive function was associated with spending longer looking at the low contrast obstacle and at the ground beyond the high contrast obstacle. Enhancing the contrast of ground-based trip hazards may improve visual processing of environmental cues in PD, particularly for individuals with better executive function. Manipulating contrast to attract visual attention is already in use in the public domain, however its utility for reducing fall risk in PD is yet to be formally tested in habitual settings.

中文翻译：

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增强障碍物对比度以促进帕金森氏病患者的视觉扫描：执行功能的作用。

感知环境对比度差异的能力对于安全导航复杂环境至关重要。帕金森氏病（PD）患者报告存在大量视觉和认知缺陷，可能会阻碍安全的障碍物协商并增加跌倒风险。增强障碍物对比度可能会影响在复杂环境中获取的视觉信息的内容，从而成为环境下降的危险因素。在记录眼睛运动的同时，分别进行试验的17名具有跌倒病史的PD和18名控制者在被高对比度和低对比度材料覆盖的障碍物上行走。获得视觉功能和认知的量度。注视位置是在进场阶段提取的。与对照相比，无论对比如何，PD花费在寻找障碍物上的时间都更长（p <.05），然而，低对比度障碍物的群体差异最大。考虑到进场时间的群体差异，与对照组相比，PD花费在观察低对比度障碍物上的时间更长，而花费在观察低对比度障碍物上方的地面上的时间却更少（p <.05）。PD对障碍物对比度的响应（高-低）与执行功能显着相关。更好的执行功能与花费更多时间在低对比度障碍物和高对比度障碍物以外的地面上有关。增强地面绊倒危险的对比度可能会改善PD中环境提示的视觉处理能力，特别是对于具有更好执行功能的个人。操纵对比度以吸引视觉注意力已在公共领域中使用，