The purpose of this study is to perform a comparative study of economic cost, environmental impacts, and productivity associated with manufacturing a prefabricated bathroom unit (PBU, L: 1,620 mm; W: 1,500 mm; H: 2,800 mm) via extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP) and a precast approach, respectively. The scope of this study includes material consumption, electricity expenditure, labor cost/productivity, and installation cycle. The results reveal that a PBU fabricated by 3DCP achieves a reduction of 25.4% in overall cost, 85.9% in CO₂ emission, and 87.1% in energy consumption compared to the precast one. 3DCP also realizes a PBU with reduced self-weight (i.e., 26.2% lighter) and higher productivity (i.e., 48.1% improved) compared to the precast one. The above enhancements were found to be ascribed to the formwork-free fabrication in 3DCP. Finally, sensitivity analysis reveals the significance of formwork re-usage to the outcomes and demonstrates the potentials of 3DCP for small batches or customized manufacturing of PBUs.

这项研究的目的是对基于预制3D的预制浴室单元（PBU，L：1,620 mm； W：1,500 mm； H：2,800 mm）的制造相关的经济成本，环境影响和生产率进行比较研究。具体印刷（3DCP）和预制方法。本研究的范围包括材料消耗，电费，人工成本/生产率和安装周期。结果表明，由3DCP制造的PBU可使总体成本降低25.4％，CO ₂降低85.9％排放，与预制的相比，能耗降低了87.1％。与预制件相比，3DCP还实现了PBU的自重减轻（即减轻了26.2％）和更高的生产率（即提高了48.1％）。发现上述增强归因于3DCP中的无模板制造。最后，敏感性分析揭示了模板再利用对结果的重要性，并证明了3DCP在小批量或定制化PBU制造中的潜力。