Inflammasomes are cytosolic complexes that assemble in response to cellular stress or upon sensing microbial molecules, culminating in cytokine processing and an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are usually composed of a sensor molecule, an adaptor protein, and an inflammatory caspase, such as Caspase-1, which cleaves and activates multiple substrates, including Gasdermin-D, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18. Ultimately, inflammasome activation promotes inflammation and restriction of the microbial infection. In recent years, many studies have addressed the role of inflammasomes during fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases, revealing sophisticated aspects of the host–pathogen interaction. In this review, we summarize recent advances on inflammasome activation in response to intracellular parasites, including Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, and Toxoplasma gondii.

炎性小体是细胞质复合物，可响应细胞应激或感测微生物分子而组装，最终达到细胞因子加工和称为死亡的炎性形式的细胞死亡。炎性小体通常由传感器分子，衔接子蛋白和炎性半胱天冬酶（例如Caspase-1）组成，该酶裂解并激活多种底物，包括Gasdermin-D，pro-IL-1β和pro-IL-18。最终，炎性体的活化促进炎症和限制微生物感染。近年来，许多研究已经解决了炎症小体在真菌，细菌，病毒和寄生虫疾病中的作用，揭示了宿主与病原体相互作用的复杂方面。在这篇综述中，我们总结了响应细胞内寄生虫的炎性体激活的最新进展，包括利什曼原虫属，疟原虫属，克鲁斯锥虫和弓形虫。