Abstract In recent years, the damage caused by soil nematodes has become increasingly serious; however, the varieties and structures of the nematicides available on the market are deficient. Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide developed by Bayer AG in Germany, has been widely used in the prevention and control of soil nematodes due to its high efficiency and novel mechanism of action. In this paper, two series of novel target compounds were designed and synthesized with nematicidal and fungicidal fluopyram as the molecular skeleton in order to introduce sulfide and sulfone substructures. The structures were identified and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The bioassays revealed that most of the compounds showed excellent nematicidal activities at 200 µg·mL−1 in comparison with fluopyram, while the nematode mortality rate dropped sharply at 100 µg·mL−1, except for compounds I-11 and II-6. In terms of fungicidal activity, compound I-9 was discovered to have an excellent inhibitory rate, and a molecular docking simulation was performed that can provide important guidance for the design and exploration of efficient fungicidal lead compounds.

中文翻译：

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含硫化物和砜亚结构的新型芳香酰胺衍生物的设计、合成和生物活性

摘要 近年来，土壤线虫对土壤的危害日益严重；然而，市场上现有的杀线虫剂的品种和结构都存在不足。氟吡菌酰胺是德国拜耳公司开发的一种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHI）杀菌剂，因其高效、新的作用机制而被广泛应用于土壤线虫的防治。本文以杀线虫剂和杀真菌剂氟吡菌酰胺为分子骨架，引入硫化物和砜亚结构，设计合成了两大系列新型目标化合物。通过 1H 核磁共振 (NMR)、13C NMR 和高分辨率质谱仪 (HRMS) 对结构进行了鉴定和表征。生物测定表明，与氟吡菌酰胺相比，大多数化合物在 200 µg·mL-1 时表现出优异的杀线虫活性，而线虫死亡率在 100 µg·mL-1 时急剧下降，但化合物 I-11 和 II-6 除外。在杀菌活性方面，发现化合物I-9具有优异的抑菌率，并进行了分子对接模拟，可为高效杀菌先导化合物的设计和探索提供重要指导。