Olive agroecosystems have for several decades undergone management changes aimed to meet the demands of new agricultural policy trends and of consumers and society. While the main role of olive groves is the production of olives and oil, its multifunctional performance is supported through the European and regional legislative framework, promoting the recognition of non-productive ecosystem services provided by agriculture to society. The objective of this work is to compare two types of olive grove management (integrated and ecological) under the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) approach, in Estepa (Andalusia, Spain). To this end, environmental, economic and social indicators were considered. Subsequently, the multifunctional behaviour of olive groves under different management schemes was evaluated using the multicriteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. Ecological farming presented greater valuation in the satisfaction of social demands, with better weightings in all the indicators evaluated, except for farm income and Lepidoptera richness. Thus, the implementation of practices related to ecological management leads to a greater multifunctionality of olive groves. It is thus fundamental that multi-scale policies consider the value of the environmental externalities of this type of management, favouring its implementation to contribute positively to the multifunctionality and sustainability of olive groves in Andalusia.

中文翻译：

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使用层次分析法对西班牙西南部橄榄农业生态系统的综合生态农业进行多功能评估

几十年来，橄榄农业生态系统经历了管理变革，旨在满足新的农业政策趋势以及消费者和社会的需求。虽然橄榄树的主要作用是生产橄榄和油，但它的多功能性能得到了欧洲和区域立法框架的支持，促进了对农业向社会提供的非生产性生态系统服务的认可。这项工作的目的是在埃斯特帕（西班牙安达卢西亚）的多功能农业 (MFA) 方法下比较两种类型的橄榄林管理（综合和生态）。为此，考虑了环境、经济和社会指标。随后，使用多标准层次分析法 (AHP) 方法评估了不同管理方案下橄榄树的多功能行为。生态农业在满足社会需求方面表现出更高的价值，除了农业收入和鳞翅目丰富度外，所有评估指标的权重都更高。因此，与生态管理相关的实践的实施导致橄榄树具有更大的多功能性。因此，多尺度政策考虑此类管理的环境外部性的价值至关重要，有利于其实施，为安达卢西亚橄榄园的多功能性和可持续性做出积极贡献。除了农业收入和鳞翅目丰富度外，所有评估指标的权重都更好。因此，与生态管理相关的实践的实施导致橄榄树具有更大的多功能性。因此，多尺度政策考虑此类管理的环境外部性的价值至关重要，有利于其实施，为安达卢西亚橄榄园的多功能性和可持续性做出积极贡献。除了农业收入和鳞翅目丰富度外，所有评估指标的权重都更好。因此，与生态管理相关的实践的实施导致橄榄树具有更大的多功能性。因此，多尺度政策考虑此类管理的环境外部性的价值至关重要，有利于其实施，为安达卢西亚橄榄园的多功能性和可持续性做出积极贡献。