Careful consideration and assessment of the type of phenotype has gained a fundamental importance in the treatment planning for any patient. We evaluated the prevalence of gingival phenotypes in a sample of Yemeni population and to explore its relationships to gender, age and other risk factors. This cross-sectional study was performed among 456 patients. All maxillary anterior teeth were included for all parameters and 1st molars were included for gingival thickness measurements. All patients included in this study were systemically healthy and presented no dental crowding. Four clinical parameters were systematically recorded: Gingival thickness (GT), Width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), Crown width/ crown length (CW/CL) ratio and Papilla height (PH). Scores obtained from different parameters measurements were recorded and analyzed using non-parametric tests where P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. One examiner performed all measurements. The mean age was 29.9 ± 8.26 years. Of 456 recruited subjects, 83 (18.2%) subjects had thin, 69 (15.1%) had thick GT and 304 (66.7%) were placed in non-categorized (1.5–2 mm) GT. Square crown shape was found in 210 (44.1%) patients and 245 patients (55.9%) showed rectangular shape. Regarding WKG, 114 (25%) patients had width < 4 mm, 319 (70%) had width 4.1–8 mm and 23 (5%) patients had width > 8 mm. There was no significant difference between males and females for GT measurements. Regarding WKG, results showed that the prevalence of WKG 4.1–8 mm was more among females while males had more prevalence of ≤4 mm with significance difference. PH showed no significant differences between males and females. Regarding age, there was no significant differences between patients ≤25 years and > 25 years for all gingival parameters measurements. The relationship of smoking with different gingival parameters also showed no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. Similarly, relationship of khat chewing with different gingival parameters showed no significant difference. Regarding inter-relationship between parameters, thin GT was associated with rectangular tooth form while square and quadrate forms are more associated with “1.5–2 mm” GT. WKG of ≤4 mm was associated with rectangular tooth form while WKG > 8 was more associated with square and quadrate forms with no significant difference. Results showed significant association between thin GT with 4.1–8 mm WKG. Yemeni population had more prevalence of “1.5–2 mm” GT, rectangular crown shape and WKG from 4.1–8 mm. Regarding interrelationship between gingival parameters, GT showed obvious relationship with WKG, CW/CL ratio and PH. WKG with CW/CL also showed significant relationship while no relationship was shown between other gingival phenotype parameters.

中文翻译：

---

牙龈表型及其与年龄，性别和其他危险因素的关系。

在对任何患者的治疗计划中，对表型类型的仔细考虑和评估已变得至关重要。我们评估了也门人口样本中牙龈表型的患病率，并探讨了其与性别，年龄和其他危险因素的关系。这项横断面研究在456位患者中进行。所有参数均包括所有上颌前牙，并且包括第一磨牙以测量牙龈厚度。纳入本研究的所有患者均身体健康，无牙齿拥挤。系统记录了四个临床参数：牙龈厚度（GT），角化牙龈宽度（WKG），牙冠宽度/牙冠长度（CW / CL）比和乳头高（PH）。记录并使用非参数测试对从不同参数测量获得的分数进行分析，其中P值<0.05被认为是显着的。一位检查员执行了所有测量。平均年龄为29.9±8.26岁。在456名被招募的受试者中，有83名（18.2％）的受试者具有薄的GT，69名（15.1％）的受试者具有较厚的GT，而304名（66.7％）的受试者则被置于未分类的（1.5–2 mm）GT中。在210名（44.1％）患者中发现了正方形冠状，在245名患者中（55.9％）发现了矩形。关于WKG，有114名（25％）的患者宽度小于4毫米，319名（70％）的患者宽度为4.1–8毫米，而23名（5％）的患者宽度大于8毫米。男性和女性在GT测量方面没有显着差异。关于WKG，结果表明，女性中WKG的患病率更高，为4.1–8 mm，而男性中≤4mm的患病率更高，差异有统计学意义。PH值在男性和女性之间没有显着差异。对于年龄，所有牙龈参数测量值在≤25岁和> 25岁的患者之间没有显着差异。吸烟与不同牙龈参数之间的关系也表明，吸烟者与不吸烟者之间无显着差异。同样，卡塔叶咀嚼与不同牙龈参数的关系也没有显着差异。关于参数之间的相互关系，薄的GT与矩形齿形相关，而正方形和方形的齿形与“ 1.5–2 mm” GT相关性更大。≤4mm的WKG与矩形齿形相关，而WKG> 8与正方形和方形齿形相关性更大，无显着差异。结果表明，薄GT与4.1–8 mm WKG之间存在显着关联。也门人口的GT（1.5-2 mm），矩形冠状和WKG（4.1-8mm）患病率更高。关于牙龈参数之间的相互关系，GT与WKG，CW / CL比和PH有明显的关系。带有CW / CL的WKG也显示出显着的相关性，而其他牙龈表型参数之间没有相关性。