Cluster perturbation theory is applied to the two-dimensional Hubbard $t-t^{\prime }-t^{\prime \prime }-U$ model to obtain doping and temperature-dependent electronic spectral function with $4\times 4$ and 12-site clusters. It is shown that evolution of the pseudogap and electronic dispersion with doping and temperature is similar and in both cases it is significantly influenced by spin-spin short-range correlations. When short-range magnetic order is weakened by doping or temperature and Hubbard-I-like electronic dispersion becomes more pronounced, the Fermi arc turns into a large Fermi surface and the pseudogap closes. It is demonstrated how static spin correlations impact the overall dispersion's shape and how accounting for dynamic contributions leads to momentum-dependent spectral weight at the Fermi surface and broadening effects.

中文翻译：

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二维Hubbard模型中伪间隙和自旋自旋相关性的掺杂和温度演化

簇扰动理论应用于二维哈伯德 $Ť-{Ť}^{\prime }-{Ť}^{\prime \prime }-ü$ 以获得掺杂和温度相关的电子光谱函数的模型 $4\times 4$和12个站点的集群。结果表明伪间隙和电子色散随掺杂和温度的变化是相似的，并且在两种情况下都受到自旋-自旋短程相关性的显着影响。当掺杂或温度使短程磁阶减弱并且类似Hubbard-I的电子弥散变得更明显时，费米弧变成大费米表面，并且伪间隙闭合。证明了静态自旋相关性如何影响整体色散的形状，以及如何考虑动态贡献如何导致费米表面处动量相关的光谱权重和展宽效应。