The Linac coherent light source x-ray free-electron laser is a complex scientific apparatus which changes configurations multiple times per day, necessitating fast tuning strategies to reduce setup time for successive experiments. To this end, we employ a Bayesian approach to maximizing x-ray laser pulse energy by controlling groups of quadrupole magnets. A Gaussian process model provides probabilistic predictions for the machine response with respect to control parameters, enabling a balance of exploration and exploitation in the search for the global optimum. We show that the model parameters can be learned from archived scans, and correlations between devices can be extracted from the beam transport. The result is a sample-efficient optimization routine, combining both historical data and knowledge of accelerator physics to significantly outperform existing optimizers.

中文翻译：

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自由电子激光器的贝叶斯优化

直线加速器相干光源X射线自由电子激光器是一种复杂的科学仪器，每天要多次更改配置，因此需要快速调整策略以减少后续实验的建立时间。为此，我们采用贝叶斯方法通过控制四极磁体组来最大化X射线激光脉冲能量。高斯过程模型提供了机器对控制参数响应的概率预测，从而在寻求全局最优值时实现了探索与开发之间的平衡。我们表明，可以从存档扫描中学习模型参数，并且可以从束传输中提取设备之间的相关性。结果是高效采样的优化例程，