Background and Aims Global warming can lead to technological ripening occurring in advance of phenolic maturity for red wine cultivars. This study evaluated the effect of post‐budburst winter pruning on the phenology, yield components, berry composition and phenolic maturity in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot. Methods and Results Mechanically pre‐pruned vines followed up with hand pruning during winter (Control) were compared to vines that were mechanically pre‐pruned and followed up with hand pruning after budburst when distal buds developed shoots with either three unfolded leaves (DF3) or eight unfolded leaves (DF8). Late pruning delayed budburst, flowering and, to a lesser extent, veraison. The delays were greater for DF8 than DF3 treatments. Yield decreased by about 40 and 71% in DF3 and DF8 vines, respectively, while sugar accumulation and reduction of TA were delayed by both pruning treatments. The concentration of anthocyanin and tannin and of extractable anthocyanin and tannin (of skin and seeds analysed separately) were not influenced by the DF3 treatment while tannin concentration increased in DF8 berries. Conclusions Delaying hand pruning of mechanically pre‐pruned vines until after budburst of distal nodes can delay technological ripening without affecting the concentration of anthocyanin and tannin of berries. Yield, however, is substantially reduced. Significance of the Study We verified the feasibility of a cost‐effective technique that can be adopted to counteract the hastening of sugar accumulation and organic acid decline caused by global warming on valuable black grapes.

中文翻译：

---

冬季修剪的芽后手工整理可以延迟技术成熟而不改变梅洛浆果的酚类成熟度

背景和目标 全球变暖会导致红葡萄酒品种在酚类成熟之前发生技术成熟。本研究评估了芽后冬季修剪对 Vitis vinifera L. cv. 的物候、产量构成、浆果组成和酚类成熟度的影响。梅洛。方法和结果 将机械预修剪的葡萄藤在冬季（对照）与机械预修剪并在发芽后用手修剪的葡萄藤进行比较，此时远端芽发育出具有三片未折叠叶（DF3）或八片展开的叶子（DF8）。晚修剪延迟了萌芽、开花，并在较小程度上延迟了转色。DF8 治疗的延迟大于 DF3 治疗。DF3 和 DF8 葡萄藤的产量分别下降了约 40% 和 71%，而两种修剪处理都延迟了糖的积累和 TA 的减少。DF3 处理不影响花青素和单宁以及可提取的花青素和单宁的浓度（分别分析皮肤和种子），而 DF8 浆果中的单宁浓度增加。结论 将机械预修剪葡萄树的手工修剪延迟至远端节芽萌发后可延迟技术成熟而不影响浆果的花青素和单宁浓度。然而，产量显着降低。研究的意义 我们验证了一种具有成本效益的技术的可行性，该技术可用于抵消全球变暖对有价值的黑葡萄造成的糖分积累和有机酸下降的加速。DF3 处理不影响花青素和单宁以及可提取的花青素和单宁的浓度（分别分析皮肤和种子），而 DF8 浆果中的单宁浓度增加。结论 将机械预修剪葡萄树的手工修剪延迟至远端节芽萌发后可延迟技术成熟而不影响浆果的花青素和单宁浓度。然而，产量显着降低。研究的意义 我们验证了一种具有成本效益的技术的可行性，该技术可用于抵消全球变暖对有价值的黑葡萄造成的糖分积累和有机酸下降的加速。DF3 处理不影响花青素和单宁以及可提取的花青素和单宁的浓度（分别分析皮肤和种子），而 DF8 浆果中的单宁浓度增加。结论 将机械预修剪葡萄树的手工修剪延迟至远端节芽萌发后可延迟技术成熟而不影响浆果的花青素和单宁浓度。然而，产量显着降低。研究的意义 我们验证了一种具有成本效益的技术的可行性，该技术可用于抵消全球变暖对有价值的黑葡萄造成的糖分积累和有机酸下降的加速。