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Longitudinal assessment of tissue properties and cardiac diffusion metrics of the ex vivo porcine heart at 7 T: Impact of continuous tissue fixation using formalin.
NMR in Biomedicine ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 , DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4298
David Lohr 1 , Maxim Terekhov 1 , Franziska Veit 2 , Laura Maria Schreiber 1
Affiliation  

In this study we aimed to assess the effects of continuous formalin fixation on diffusion and relaxation metrics of the ex vivo porcine heart at 7 T. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on eight piglet hearts using a 7 T whole body system. Hearts were measured fresh within 3 hours of cardiac arrest followed by immersion in 10% neutral buffered formalin. T2* and T2 were assessed using a gradient multi‐echo and multi‐echo spin echo sequence, respectively. A spin echo and a custom stimulated echo sequence were employed to assess diffusion time‐dependent changes in metrics of cardiac diffusion tensor imaging. SNR was determined for b = 0 images. Scans were performed for 5 mm thick apical, midcavity and basal slices (in‐plane resolution: 1 mm) and repeated 7, 15, 50, 100 and 200 days postfixation. Eigenvalues of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) following fixation. Relative to fresh hearts, FA values 7 and 200 days postfixation were 90% and 80%, while respective relative ADC values at those fixation stages were 78% and 92%. Statistical helix and sheetlet angle distributions as well as respective mean and median values showed no systematic influence of continuous formalin fixation. Similar to changes in the ADC, values for T2, T2* and SNR dropped initially postfixation. Respective relative values compared with fresh hearts at day 7 were 64%, 79% and 68%, whereas continuous fixation restored T2, T2* and SNR leading to relative values of 74%, 100%, and 81% at day 200, respectively. Relaxation parameters and diffusion metrics are significantly altered by continuous formalin fixation. The preservation of microstructure metrics following prolonged fixation is a key finding that may enable future studies of ventricular remodeling in cardiac pathologies.

中文翻译:

7 T 时离体猪心脏的组织特性和心脏扩散指标的纵向评估:使用福尔马林连续组织固定的影响。

在这项研究中,我们旨在评估连续福尔马林固定对 7 T 离体猪心脏的扩散和松弛指标的影响。使用 7 T 全身系统对 8 只小猪心脏进行磁共振成像。在心脏骤停后 3 小时内新鲜测量心脏,然后浸入 10% 中性缓冲福尔马林中。T 2 *和 T 2分别使用梯度多回波和多回波自旋回波序列进行评估。自旋回波和自定义受激回波序列被用来评估心脏弥散张量成像指标的弥散时间依赖性变化。SNR 是为 b = 0 图像确定的。对 5 mm 厚的心尖、中腔和基底切片(平面分辨率:1 mm)进行扫描,并在固定后 7、15、50、100 和 200 天重复。表观扩散系数 (ADC) 和分数各向异性 (FA) 的特征值显着降低 ( P< 0.05) 固定后。相对于新鲜心脏,固定后 7 天和 200 天的 FA 值分别为 90% 和 80%,而这些固定阶段的相对 ADC 值分别为 78% 和 92%。统计螺旋和小片角度分布以及各自的平均值和中值显示连续福尔马林固定没有系统影响。与 ADC 的变化类似,T 2、T 2 *和 SNR 的值最初在固定后下降。与第 7 天新鲜心脏相比,各自的相对值分别为 64%、79% 和 68%,而连续固定可恢复 T 2、T 2 *和 SNR 导致第 200 天的相对值分别为 74%、100% 和 81%。连续福尔马林固定显着改变了松弛参数和扩散指标。长期固定后微观结构指标的保留是一项关键发现,可能有助于未来研究心脏病中的心室重构。
更新日期:2020-03-24
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