With the introduction of computers occurring more than 50 years ago, automation systems have become more powerful, comprehensive, and complex. The key to handling this complexity was the introduction of many aspects, including architecture models that structure and standardize functions, information, and its exchange; procedures; and the interaction of subsystems. With the recent Industry 4.0 and industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) movements, such models have received fresh attention and have grown in complexity. This article reviews the evolution of automation models. It compares several recent approaches, their standardization, and recent computing paradigms, and discusses their practical use and importance for modern automation systems.

中文翻译：

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为什么我们需要自动化模型：处理工业 4.0 和物联网中的复杂性

随着 50 多年前计算机的引入，自动化系统变得更加强大、全面和复杂。处理这种复杂性的关键是引入许多方面，包括构建和标准化功能、信息及其交换的架构模型；程序；以及子系统的交互。随着最近的工业 4.0 和工业物联网 (IIoT) 运动，此类模型受到了新的关注，并且变得越来越复杂。本文回顾了自动化模型的演变。它比较了几种最近的方法、它们的标准化和最近的计算范式，并讨论了它们对现代自动化系统的实际用途和重要性。