This long-term study used a lysimeter platform to monitor the NH₃ and N₂O emissions of summer maize resulting from various fertilization treatments in the Huanghuaihai area, with the goal to assess the efficiency of fertilization measures aimed at reducing NH₃ and N₂O losses during the production of summer maize; the results provide a theoretical basis for synergistically improving maize yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. A 2-year field trial was conducted. The trial included a no-N-fertilizer treatment as a control to study the following three fertilizer treatments: the exclusive application of urea, the exclusive application of cattle manure, and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The results show that during the two maize growth seasons included in the trial, the average N₂O losses associated with exclusively applying urea, exclusively applying cattle manure, and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were 273%, 542%, and 376% higher than those associated with the control treatment, respectively. During the same period, the average accumulative ammonia volatilization losses were 311%, 542% and 376% higher than those for the control treatment, respectively. The average nitrogen accumulation resulting from the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers was 82% higher than that for the control treatment, 12% higher than that for the exclusive application of cattle manure, and 6% higher than that for the exclusive application of urea. The average grain yield for the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, the exclusive application of urea and the exclusive application of cattle manure were 76%, 68% and 61% higher than that for the control treatment, respectively. Overall, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed a lower ammonia volatilization loss than the exclusive application of urea, which resulted in a higher ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in the soil, an increased nitrogen uptake, an increased dry matter accumulation of maize, and a high grain yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency.

中文翻译：

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有机和无机肥料的组合施用可减轻玉米田中氨和一氧化二氮的排放

这项长期研究使用溶渗仪平台监测黄淮海地区各种施肥方法引起的夏玉米的NH ₃和N ₂ O排放，目的是评估旨在减少NH ₃和N ₂的施肥措施的效率。夏季玉米生产过程中的O损失；研究结果为协同提高玉米产量和肥料利用率提供了理论依据。进行了为期两年的现场试验。该试验包括采用非氮肥处理作为对照，以研究以下三种肥料处理：尿素的独家施用，牛粪的独家施用以及有机和无机肥料的联合施用。结果表明，在试验中包括的两个玉米生长季节中，平均N ₂单独施用尿素，单独施用牛粪肥以及有机和无机肥料的联合施用所导致的O损失分别比对照处理高273％，542％和376％。在同一时期，平均累积氨气挥发损失分别比对照处理高311％，542％和376％。有机和无机肥料联合施用所产生的平均氮累积量比对照处理高82％，比牛粪单独施用高12％，比尿素单独施用高6％。 。有机和无机肥料结合施用的平均谷物产量，尿素单独施用和牛粪单独施用分别比对照处理高76％，68％和61％。总体而言，有机肥料和无机肥料的组合施用比单独施用尿素的施用具有更低的氨挥发损失，这导致土壤中更高的铵态氮和硝态氮含量，增加了氮素的吸收，增加了玉米干物质的积累，具有很高的谷物产量和氮回收效率。