Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) yield potential needs to be further achieved by good management practices to meet the increasing global demand. Two years of orthogonal field experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of irrigation onset criteria using soil matric potential (SMP) (−15, −25, and −55 kPa), nitrogen fertilizer rate (80, 160, and 240 kg ha⁻¹), and plant density (20, 30, and 40 plants m⁻²) on quinoa growth, seed yield, weight, and protein content. Initiating irrigations at an SMP of −15 to −25 kPa achieved significantly (p < 0.05) greater seed yield (37.2 g plant⁻¹), thousand kernel weight (2.25 g), and protein content (21.2%) than −55 kPa (25.2 g plant⁻¹, 2.08 g, and 19.8%, respectively). The 240 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen rate had significantly (p < 0.05) greater thousand kernel weight (2.26 g) and protein content (21.3%) than 80 (2.07 g and 19.5%, respectively) and 160 kg ha⁻¹ (2.14 g and 20.7%, respectively). The yield under 20 plants m⁻² reached 39.5 g plant⁻¹, which was 13.5 g plant⁻¹ higher than 40 plants m⁻² (p < 0.05). The quinoa consumed most of the available nitrogen in the soil (410–860 kg ha⁻¹), indicating that quinoa should be part of a sound crop rotation program.

中文翻译：

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管理措施对藜麦生长，种子产量和品质的影响

藜麦（藜麦藜藜）的生产潜力需要通过良好的管理实践来进一步满足，以满足日益增长的全球需求。进行了两年的正交野外试验，以研究利用土壤基质势（SMP）（−15，−25和−55 kPa），氮肥用量（80、160和240 kg ha ^-1）的灌溉开始标准的影响。）和植物密度（20、30和40株植物m ^-2）对藜麦的生长，种子产量，重量和蛋白质含量的影响。在SMP为-15至-25 kPa的条件下开始灌溉比-55 kPa显着提高（p <0.05）种子产量（37.2 g植株^-1），千粒重（2.25 g）和蛋白质含量（21.2％） 25.2 g植物^-1，2.08 g和19.8％）。240 kg ha ^-1的氮肥比80（分别为2.07 g和19.5％）和160 kg ha ^-1（2.14 g ）的千粒重（2.26 g）和蛋白质含量（21.3％）大得多（p <0.05）和20.7％）。在20株m ^-2下的产量达到39.5 g植株^-1，比40株m ^-2高13.5 g植株^-1（p <0.05）。藜麦消耗了土壤中的大部分可用氮（410-860 kg ha ^-1），这表明藜麦应作为合理的轮作计划的一部分。