Compost tea is a liquid fraction extracted from composts, and it is of great interest in sustainable agriculture because it reduces the unsustainable use of chemical-based pesticides and fertilizers. In this study, during two spinach field cycles, we evaluated the potential beneficial effect of the foliar application of a compost tea made from onion and vineyard composts either by itself (CT) or implemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum T78 (CT + Th) on the “healthy quality” and yield of baby spinach. Results showed that both the CT and CT + Th treatments produced a higher spinach yield than the control, but these treatments did not result in an increase in soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) or soil nutrient content. Furthermore, CT + Th treatment showed the highest yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and flavonoid levels. Nitrate levels were below legal amounts, and they were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the CT and CT + Th treatments than in the control. Data suggest that compost tea extracts from onion waste and vineyard compost and/or enriched with T. harzianum can be used in a sustainable agriculture to increase yield and quality of baby spinach.

中文翻译：

---

在菠菜作物上喷洒农用工业堆肥茶：田间试验评估产量，植物质量和土壤健康

堆肥茶是从堆肥中提取的液体部分，它对可持续农业具有极大的意义，因为它减少了化学农药和化肥的不可持续使用。在这项研究中，在两个菠菜田间循环中，我们评估了叶面施用洋葱和葡萄园堆肥制成的堆肥茶（单独使用或与有益微生物哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）一起实施）的潜在有益效果。T78（CT + Th）对婴儿菠菜的“健康品质”和产量的影响。结果表明，CT和CT + Th处理均比对照产生更高的菠菜产量，但这些处理并未导致土壤脱氢酶活性（DHA）或土壤养分含量的增加。此外，CT + Th处理显示出最高的收率，酚含量，抗氧化能力和类黄酮含量。硝酸盐水平低于法定量，而且他们显著（p ≤0.05）在CT和CT +钍治疗低于对照。数据表明，洋葱废物和葡萄园堆肥和/或富含哈茨木霉的堆肥茶提取物可用于可持续农业，以提高菠菜的产量和质量。