Insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by genetically modified rice that enter the soil via pollen dispersal, plant residues, and root exudation may disturb soil health. In the present study, we assessed the influences of transgenic Bt rice (i.e., HH1 with Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac) cultivation on the dynamics of soil carbon and nutrients under field conditions during 2013-2016. Transgenic treatments (transgenic Bt rice vs. its parental line (i.e., MH63) of non-Bt rice) have no consistently significant effects on soil property, including available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, while apparent seasonal changes were observed. Besides, the variations of soil nutrients in the paddy field of transgenic Bt rice did not exceed their resistance capacities, except total organic carbon (TOC; RS (resistance) = 1.51) and total potassium (TK; RS = 2.62) in 2013 and TK (RS = 1.94) in 2014. However, the TOC and soil nutrient of TK in the paddy field of transgenic Bt rice have recovered to the pre-perturbation status after harvest (RL (resilience) = 1.01, F = 0.01, P = 0.91; RL = 0.98, F = 0.34, P = 0.58; RL = 0.99, F = 1.26, P = 0.29). Moreover, the paddy yield of transgenic Bt rice was consistently higher than that of its parental line of non-Bt rice. These results suggested that the cultivation of transgenic Bt rice has no adverse impact on soil stability in terms of soil carbon and nutrients and paddy yield.

中文翻译：

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评价转基因Bt水稻种植对土壤稳定性的影响。

转基因水稻产生的杀虫晶体（Cry）蛋白通过花粉散布，植物残渣和根系渗出进入土壤，可能会干扰土壤健康。在本研究中，我们评估了2013-2016年田间条件下转基因Bt水稻（即HH1和Cry1Ab / Cry1Ac）的种植对土壤碳和养分动态的影响。转基因处理（转基因Bt水稻与其非Bt水稻的亲本（即MH63）相比）对土壤特性（包括可利用的氮，可利用的磷，可利用的钾，总氮和总磷）没有明显的持续影响。观察到季节变化。此外，除总有机碳（TOC）外，转基因Bt水稻稻田土壤养分的变化没有超过其抗性。RS（抗性）= 1.51）和2013年的总钾（TK; RS = 2.62）和2014年的TK（RS = 1.94）。但是，转基因Bt稻田的TK的TOC和土壤养分已经恢复到收获后的摄动前状态（RL（弹性）= 1.01，F = 0.01，P = 0.91; RL = 0.98，F = 0.34，P = 0.58; RL = 0.99，F = 1.26，P = 0.29）。此外，转基因Bt水稻的稻谷产量始终高于其非Bt水稻的亲本。这些结果表明，转基因Bt水稻的种植对土壤的碳，养分和水稻产量没有不利的影响。转Bt基因水稻稻田的TOC和TK土壤养分在收获后已恢复到摄动前状态（RL（恢复力）= 1.01，F = 0.01，P = 0.91； RL = 0.98，F = 0.34，P = 0.58； RL = 0.99，F = 1.26，P = 0.29）。此外，转基因Bt水稻的稻谷产量始终高于其非Bt水稻的亲本。这些结果表明，转基因Bt水稻的种植对土壤的碳，养分和水稻产量没有不利的影响。转Bt基因水稻稻田的TOC和TK土壤养分在收获后已恢复到摄动前状态（RL（恢复力）= 1.01，F = 0.01，P = 0.91； RL = 0.98，F = 0.34，P = 0.58； RL = 0.99，F = 1.26，P = 0.29）。此外，转基因Bt水稻的稻谷产量始终高于其非Bt水稻的亲本。这些结果表明，转基因Bt水稻的种植对土壤的碳，养分和水稻产量没有不利的影响。