Abstract Wide applications of graphene oxide (GO) owe to unique abilities of its surface chemistry linked to the ubiquitous influence of oxygenated functional groups, especially for the electrochemical performance with metal oxides nanoparticles (NPs). In addition to the imbibed chemical property of NP, its size and shape are crucial for applications. In this context, the present work discusses the role of functional groups of GO in controlling the growth of SnO2 NPs and their electrochemical performances. SnO2, an important candidate for the hybrid capacitor, was grown by two different procedures to substantiate the role of functional groups of the GO. The in-situ process provided different shapes and sizes of SnO2 NPs in the GO matrix in contrast to the ex-situ procedure, which contained with quantum dot SnO2. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman studies revealed the structural details while Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy deciphered further information on the role of functional groups of GO for the growth of SnO2 NPs. The electrochemical study highlighted the importance of the functional groups and the size effect of NPs for their performance. The in-situ process with larger and irregular sizes of SnO2 NPs displayed a low electrochemical capacitance compared to the ex-situ process.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯表面化学调节用于电化学应用的 SnO2 纳米颗粒的生长

摘要 氧化石墨烯 (GO) 的广泛应用归功于其表面化学的独特能力，这与氧化官能团的普遍影响有关，特别是对于金属氧化物纳米粒子 (NPs) 的电化学性能。除了 NP 吸收的化学性质外，其大小和形状对应用也至关重要。在此背景下，本工作讨论了 GO 官能团在控制 SnO2 NPs 生长及其电化学性能方面的作用。SnO2 是混合电容器的重要候选者，它通过两种不同的程序生长，以证实 GO 官能团的作用。与含有量子点 SnO2 的非原位工艺相比，原位工艺在 GO 基质中提供了不同形状和尺寸的 SnO2 NP。X射线衍射，通过透射电子显微镜，拉曼研究揭示了结构细节，而傅立叶透射红外光谱和电子能量损失光谱则破译了有关 GO 官能团对 SnO2 NPs 生长作用的进一步信息。电化学研究强调了官能团的重要性和纳米颗粒对其性能的影响。与非原位工艺相比，具有更大且不规则尺寸的 SnO2 NPs 的原位工艺显示出较低的电化学电容。电化学研究强调了官能团的重要性和纳米颗粒对其性能的影响。与非原位工艺相比，具有更大且不规则尺寸的 SnO2 NPs 的原位工艺显示出较低的电化学电容。电化学研究强调了官能团的重要性和纳米颗粒对其性能的影响。与非原位工艺相比，具有更大且不规则尺寸的 SnO2 NPs 的原位工艺显示出较低的电化学电容。