Commensal microbial communities inhabit biological niches in the mammalian host, where they impact the host's physiology through induction of "colonization resistance" against infections by a multitude of molecular mechanisms. These colonization-regulating activities involve microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions, which induce, through utilization of complex bacterial networks, competition over nutrients, inhibition by antimicrobial peptides, stimulation of the host immune system, and promotion of mucus and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Distinct virulent pathogens overcome this colonization resistance and host immunity as part of a hostile takeover of the host niche, leading to clinically overt infection. The following review provides a mechanistic overview of the role of commensal microbes in modulating colonization resistance and pathogenic infections and means by which infectious agents may overcome such inhibition. Last, we outline evidence, unknowns, and challenges in developing strategies to harness this knowledge to treat infections by microbiota transfer, phage therapy, or supplementation by rationally defined bacterial consortia.

中文翻译：

---

感染中的免疫菌群相互作用和抗定植性。

共生微生物群落居住在哺乳动物宿主中的生物生态位，在那里它们通过多种分子机制诱导对感染的“定殖抗性”，从而影响宿主的生理。这些定居活动涉及微生物-微生物和微生物-宿主相互作用，这些相互作用通过利用复杂的细菌网络，竞争营养，抗微生物肽的抑制，刺激宿主免疫系统以及促进粘液和肠上皮屏障完整性而诱导。 。不同的致病性病原体克服了这种定殖抗性和宿主免疫性，成为宿主生态位被敌对收购的一部分，导致临床上明显的感染。下面的综述提供了共生微生物在调节定植抗性和病原性感染中的作用的机理综述，以及传染剂可以克服这种抑制的手段。最后，我们概述了开发策略以利用这些知识通过微生物群转移，噬菌体治疗或通过合理定义的细菌财团进行补充治疗感染的战略中的证据，未知数和挑战。