Lysosomes are of major importance for the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Food-derived cholesterol and cholesterol esters contained within lipoproteins are delivered to lysosomes by endocytosis. From the lysosomal lumen, cholesterol is transported to the inner surface of the lysosomal membrane through the glycocalyx; this shuttling requires Niemann-Pick C (NPC) 1 and NPC2 proteins. The lysosomal membrane proteins lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-2 and lysosomal integral membrane protein (LIMP)-2/SCARB2 also bind cholesterol. LAMP-2 may serve as a cholesterol reservoir, whereas LIMP-2, like NPC1, is able to transport cholesterol through a transglycocalyx tunnel. Contact sites and fusion events between lysosomes and other organelles mediate the distribution of cholesterol. Lysosomal cholesterol content is sensed thereby regulating mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-dependent signaling. This review summarizes our understanding of the major steps in cholesterol handling from the moment it enters the lysosome until it leaves this compartment.

中文翻译：

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溶酶体及其他方面的胆固醇处理。

溶酶体对于调节细胞胆固醇的稳态至关重要。脂蛋白中包含的食物来源的胆固醇和胆固醇酯通过胞吞作用传递到溶酶体。胆固醇从溶酶体管腔通过糖萼被转运到溶酶体膜的内表面。这种穿梭需要Niemann-Pick C（NPC）1和NPC2蛋白。溶酶体膜蛋白溶酶体相关膜蛋白（LAMP）-2和溶酶体整合膜蛋白（LIMP）-2 / SCARB2也结合胆固醇。LAMP-2可以作为胆固醇的储存库，而LIMP-2像NPC1一样，可以通过跨糖萼隧道运输胆固醇。溶酶体和其他细胞器之间的接触部位和融合事件介导了胆固醇的分布。感测溶酶体胆固醇含量，从而调节哺乳动物雷帕霉素复合物（mTORC）依赖信号的靶标。这篇综述总结了我们对从溶酶体进入溶酶体直至离开该区室的胆固醇处理主要步骤的理解。