Protein plays an important role in the maintenance of osmotic pressure and binding and transportation of nutrients to cells, which is essential for the rapid regeneration of bone tissues. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the most abundant plasma protein in the body. Here, theBSA-based hydrogel was first developed through the thiolated bovine serum albumin (sBSA) employing the robust and reversible -SAg coordination, which owns injectable, self-healing and antibacterial properties for the treatment of bone defect regeneration. First, the BSA was treated with Traut's reagent to replace the primary amine groups of the lysine residue in its primary structure with thiol groups. Then, the thiolated BSA (sBSA) was added with silver nitrate to be crosslinked. -SAg coordination took place immediately when sBSA and silver were mixed and a shear-thinning hydrogel was thus produced. By adjusting the proportion of BSA, the mechanical properties of the hydrogels can be adjusted. Moreover, this novel protein-based hydrogel is bio-degradable and can slowly release silver ions to generate an antibacterial effect for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum bacterial. Moreover, the protein-based injectable hydrogel has very good biocompatibility and bioactivity on promoting bone regeneration. As shown in this study, the in vitro experiments showed that the hydrogel effectively enhanced the osteogenesis differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells. And the in vivo study showed faster and better bone repair outcomes in large cranial defect rabbit model, in comparison to the commercially used spongious bone substitutes (Bio-OSS). Therefore, protein-based hydrogel is a very good promising material for bone regeneration.

蛋白质在维持渗透压以及营养物质向细胞的结合和运输方面起着重要作用，这对于骨骼组织的快速再生至关重要。牛血清白蛋白（BSA）是体内最丰富的血浆蛋白。在此，基于BSA的水凝胶首先通过硫醇化的牛血清白蛋白（sBSA）进行开发，该蛋白采用了坚固且可逆的-SAg配位，具有可注射，自愈和抗菌的特性，可用于治疗骨缺损再生。首先，用Traut's试剂处理BSA，用硫醇基取代其一级结构中赖氨酸残基的一级胺基。然后，在硫醇化的BSA（sBSA）中加入硝酸银进行交联。当将sBSA和银混合时，-SAg的配位立即发生，从而产生了剪切稀化的水凝胶。通过调节BSA的比例，可以调节水凝胶的机械性能。此外，这种新型的基于蛋白质的水凝胶可生物降解，并且可以缓慢释放银离子，从而产生抗菌作用。牙龈卟啉单胞菌和核仁镰刀菌细菌。此外，基于蛋白质的可注射水凝胶在促进骨再生方面具有非常好的生物相容性和生物活性。如本研究所示，体外实验表明水凝胶有效地增强了成骨前体细胞的成骨分化。并且，体内研究显示，与市售海绵状骨替代品（Bio-OSS）相比，大型颅骨缺损兔模型的骨骼修复结果更快，更好。因此，基于蛋白质的水凝胶是一种非常有希望的骨再生材料。