Bearing steel ball is the basic part of rolling bearing, and its surface quality has a vital impact on the service performance, life and safety of rolling bearing. Therefore, the surface quality of bearing steel balls must be fully tested before leaving the factory. The unfolding mechanism and inspection sensor of steel ball surface are mainly described in this paper. First of all, the inspection methods of steel ball surface quality are analyzed in detail, including visual inspection, eddy current inspection, optical fiber sensor inspection, capacitance sensor inspection, ultrasonic sensor inspection, etc. Then, the methods of steel ball surface unfolding methods are introduced, including meridian unfolding method, one-dimensional orbit unfolding method, disk unfolding method, one-dimensional wheel unfolding method and rotating magnetic field unfolding method. Finally, the future development direction of steel ball detection technology is pointed out, which provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the realization of bearing steel ball surface micro-defect inspection system.

轴承钢球是滚动轴承的基础部分，其表面质量对滚动轴承的使用寿命，使用寿命和安全性有着至关重要的影响。因此，轴承钢球的表面质量必须在出厂前进行全面测试。本文主要介绍钢球表面的展开机构和检测传感器。首先，详细分析了钢球表面质量的检查方法，包括目测，涡流检查，光纤传感器检查，电容传感器检查，超声传感器检查等。然后，介绍了钢球表面展开方法介绍了子午线展开法，一维轨道展开法，圆盘展开法，一维车轮展开方法和旋转磁场展开方法。最后指出钢球检测技术的未来发展方向，为轴承钢球表面微缺陷检测系统的实现提供理论依据和技术参考。